Table 1.

Scan parameters for phantom, volunteer, and patient exams.

	DESS	T1	DESS	DWI	T2	Post-contrast
Application	phantoms	volunteers	volunteers and patients	volunteers and patients	patients	patients
Pulse sequence	custom	SPGR	custom	EPI	FRFSE	DISCOa
Excitation	3D	3D	3D	2D	2D	3D
Fat suppression	–	–	spatial–spectral water-only excitation	spatial–spectral water-only excitation	IDEALb	Vibrant-FLEXc
Shims	–	–	dual volume	dual volume	–	dual volume
Echo time [ms]	6.9, 29.2d	2.1	6.9, 29.2d	78	102	1.8
Repetition time [ms]	18.4	4.9	18.4	2050	3033	4.2
Flip angle [deg]	35, 15e	13	35,15e	90	90	15
Bandwidth [kHz]	62.5	83.33	62.5	250	83.33	142.86
Field of view [cm]	20	34	34	34	34	28
Slice thickness (spacing) [mm]	2.5 (2.5)	5 (5)	2.5 (2.5)	5 (5)	4 (5)	1.2 (1.2)
Acquisition matrix	384 × 256	512 × 256	384 × 256	160 × 160	320 × 256	256 × 256
Number of slices	42	84	60	30	27	160
Voxel volume [mm3]	1.3	4.4	2.9	22.6	5.6	1.4
Acceleration (R)	ARCf (2)	–	ARCf (2)	ASSETg (2)	–	ARCf (1.4)
Signal averages	1	1	1	8	3	0.7
Echo train length	–	–	–	–	24	–
b values [s/mm2]	–	–	–	0, 600	–	–
Spoiler gradient areas [µs G/cm]	939.5, 5637.0e	–	939.5, 5637.0e	–	–	–
Specific Absorption Rate [W/kg]	0.084, 0.015	1.984	0.084, 0.015	2.000	3.500	3.113
Scan time [min:s]	2:38	1:46	3:35	5:41	5:28	18:08

^aAcquisition technique for dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging with high spatio-temporal resolution.

^bthree-echo acquisition with water-only, fat-only, in-phase, and out-of-phase reconstructions.

^ctwo-echo acquisition with water-only, fat-only, in-phase, and out-of-phase reconstructions.

^dTE_2,effective = 2TR-TE₁.

^eDESS diffusion weighting was modulated using both spoiler gradient area and flip angle. See Methods for combinations used for phantom, volunteer, and patient scanning.

^fk-space-based parallel imaging reconstruction.

^gimage-domain-based parallel imaging reconstruction.