TABLE 1.
General characteristics of participants in both populations.
| Characteristics/measures | Mediterranean (n = 728)
|
North American (n = 754)
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | |
| Age (years) | 39.3 | 12.4 | 48.3 | 15.9 |
| Sex (% female) | 81.5% | 50.0% | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.2 | 5.5 | 28.5 | 5.5 |
| Waist (cm) | 101.8 | 15.1 | 97.1 | 16.4 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.03 | 2.31 | 3.6 | 2.5 |
| QUICKI | 0.38 | 0.002 | 0.33 | 0.02 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 104.1 | 56.4 | 154.1 | 103.1 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 195.4 | 37.8 | 192.6 | 39.8 |
| Fasting insulin (mU/L) | 8.92 | 8.2 | 14.1 | 8.3 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 82.3 | 15.2 | 102.0 | 19.7 |
| Dietary intake | ||||
| Total energy (kcal/day) | 2077 | 716 | 2134 | 1261 |
| Proteins (% total energy) | 17.2 | 4.4 | 15.7 | 2.9 |
| Proteins (g/day) | 71.6 | 40.0 | 83.3 | 47.3 |
| Carbohydrates (% total energy) | 41.6 | 10.5 | 48.8 | 5.5 |
| Carbohydrates (g/day) | 151.5 | 79.0 | 256.8 | 145.7 |
| Fiber (g/day) | 18.8 | 11.4 | 19.1 | 10.5 |
| Fats (% total energy) | 42.4 | 9.5 | 35.4 | 7.0 |
| Fats (g/day) | 88.2 | 45.1 | 85.1 | 53.2 |
| MUFA (% total fat) | 19.3 | 6.4 | 13.3 | 2.9 |
| PUFA (% total fat) | 4.7 | 1.7 | 7.7 | 2.2 |
| SFA (% total fat) | 10.4 | 4.0 | 11.8 | 2.7 |
| Other characteristics | n | % | n | % |
|
| ||||
| BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 380 | 52.2 | 282 | 34.4 |
| Drinkers | 440 | 75.6 | 407 | 49.6 |
| Smokers | 165 | 22.7 | 67 | 8.2 |
| Sedentary | 332 | 45 | 288 | 35.1 |
| CRY1 (rs2287161) | ||||
| CC | 182 | 25.0 | 220 | 26.8 |
| CG | 333 | 45.7 | 391 | 47.7 |
| GG | 213 | 29.3 | 209 | 25.5 |
HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance; QUICKI, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SFA, saturated fatty acids; BMI, body mass index; M, mean; and SD, standard deviation.