. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2014 Apr 21;22(3):198–210. doi: 10.1037/a0036490

Table 3.

Results of Hierarchical Regressions Testing Predictive Utility of Behavioral Economic Metrics of Alcohol Value for Alcohol Use and Related Problems

Variable	B	SEB	β	R²	ΔR²	t(df)
Total Drinks
Step 1				.29
Gender	−10.93	1.61	−.41			t(201) = −6.77^**
Age	.35	.40	.05			t(201) = .87
Ethnicity	8.51	1.68	.30			t(201) = 5.06^**
Step 2				.46	.17
Intensity	.81	.10	.44			t(200) = 8.00^**
Step 2				.32	.03
Breakpoint	.45	.15	.18			t(201) = 2.99^**
Step 2				.43	.14
O_max	.45	.07	.38			t(201) = 6.91^**
Step 2				.28	.00
P_max	.11	.33	.02			t(199) = .32
Step 2				.35	.06
Elasticity	−658.61	150.48	−.26			t(196) = −4.38^**
Step 2				.39	.10
RR	25.38	4.43	.33			t(194) = 5.73^**
Step 2				.32	.04
RDEA	11.66	3.33	.22			t(189) = 3.51^**
Step 2				.50	.21
Intensity	.58	.11	.32			t(198) = 5.15^**
Breakpoint	−.24	.18	−.09			t(198) = −1.37
O_max	.34	.09	.29			t(198) = 3.72^**
Step 2				.43	.15
Elasticity	−456.19	151.03	−.19			t(175) = −3.02^**
RR	20.07	4.75	.26			t(175) = 4.22^**
RDEA	5.80	3.29	.11			t(175) = 1.76
Step 2				.50	.22
Amplitude	2.90	.33	.50			t(183) = 8.91^**
Step 2				.31	.02
Persistence	.91	.39	.14			t(195) = 2.35^*
Total Problems				.25
Step 1
Gender	.81	1.16	.05			t(200) = .69
Age	.75	.26	.18			t(200) = 2.87^**
Ethnicity	2.38	1.16	.13			t(200) = 2.05^*
Drinks	.27	.05	.42			t(200) = 5.82^**
Step 2				.26	.00
Intensity	.04	.09	.03			t(199) = .46
Step 2				.28	.02
Breakpoint	.23	.10	.14			t(200) = 2.27^*
Step 2				.31	.06
O_max	.20	.05	.27			t(200) = 3.99^**
Step 2				.30	.03
P_max	.63	.21	.19			t(198) = 3.06^**
Step 2				.29	.03
Elasticity	−273.50	104.22	−.17			t(195) = −2.62^**
Step 2				.29	.03
RR	9.05	3.27	.19			t(193) = 2.76^**
Step 2				.27	.00
RDEA	−.52	2.33	−.02			t(188) = −.22
Step 2				.35	.08
Breakpoint	−.10	.15	−.06			t(182) = −.69
O_max	.21	.08	.26			t(182) = 2.50^*
P_max	.14	.28	.04			t(182) = .50
Elasticity	−14.10	123.27	−.01			t(182) = −.11
RR	8.79	3.35	.18			t(182) = 2.62^*
Step 2				.30	.02
Amplitude	.65	.29	.18			t(182) = 2.28^*
Step 2				.30	.04
Persistence	.83	.25	.21			t(194) = 3.33^**

p≤ .05,

^**

p≤ .01; RR = Reinforcement ratio; RDEA = Relative discretionary expenditures towards alcohol. For clarity, only step one of a single regression for a given dependent variable is included. Although values were slightly different, in each regression for typical drinks per week, gender and ethnicity were significant predictors. For each regression for total problems, typical drinks per week, ethnicity, and age were significant step 1 predictors.