Table 4.
Results of Hierarchical Regressions Testing Predictive Utility Beyond Established Risk Factors of Behavioral Economic Metrics of Alcohol Value for Alcohol Use and Related Problems
| Variable | B | SEB | β | R2 | ΔR2 | t(df) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Problems | ||||||
| Step 1 | .25 | |||||
| Gender | .79 | 1.17 | .05 | t(199) = .67 | ||
| Age | .75 | .26 | .18 | t(199) = 2.86** | ||
| Ethnicity | 2.39 | 1.17 | .13 | t(199) = 2.05* | ||
| Drinks | .27 | .05 | .42 | t(199) = 5.78** | ||
| Step 2 | .31 | .05 | ||||
| PB | −.16 | .04 | −.24 | t(198) = −3.88** | ||
| Step 3 | .31 | .00 | ||||
| Intensity | −.01 | .09 | −.01 | t(197) = −.17 | ||
| Step 3 | .32 | .01 | ||||
| Breakpoint | .17 | .10 | .10 | t(198) = 1.66 | ||
| Step 3 | .35 | .04 | ||||
| Omax | .17 | .05 | .23 | t(198) = 3.48** | ||
| Step 3 | .35 | .02 | ||||
| Pmax | .52 | .20 | .15 | t(196) = 2.59** | ||
| Step 3 | .33 | .01 | ||||
| Elasticity | −195.49 | 104.31 | −.12 | t(193) = −1.87 | ||
| Step 3 | .35 | .03 | ||||
| RR | 8.94 | 3.16 | .18 | t(191) = 2.83** | ||
| Step 3 | .32 | .00 | ||||
| RDEA | −.30 | 2.33 | −.01 | t(186) = −.13 | ||
| Step 3 | .35 | .02 | ||||
| Amplitude | .65 | .28 | .18 | t(180) = 2.29* | ||
| Step 3 | .35 | .03 | ||||
| Persistence | .74 | .24 | .18 | t(192) = 3.04** | ||
| Step 2 | .26 | .00 | ||||
| Sensation seeking | −.02 | .18 | −.01 | t(199) = −.10 | ||
| Step 2 | .30 | .07 | ||||
| Depression | .31 | .07 | .27 | t(185) = 4.26** | ||
| Step 3 | .31 | .00 | ||||
| Intensity | −.06 | .07 | .27 | t(184) = −.72 | ||
| Step 3 | .32 | .02 | ||||
| Breakpoint | .23 | .10 | .14 | t(185) = 2.23* | ||
| Step 3 | .35 | .05 | ||||
| Omax | .19 | .05 | .26 | t(185) = 3.70** | ||
| Step 3 | .34 | .03 | ||||
| Pmax | .62 | .21 | .19 | t(183) = 3.03** | ||
| Step 3 | .34 | .03 | ||||
| Elasticity | −292.79 | 102.56 | −.19 | t(181) = −2.86** | ||
| Step 3 | .33 | .02 | ||||
| RR | 7.87 | 3.43 | .16 | t(178) = 2.30* | ||
| Step 3 | .31 | .00 | ||||
| RDEA | −2.41 | 2.37 | −.07 | t(176) = .31 | ||
| Step 3 | .32 | .01 | ||||
| Amplitude | .32 | .31 | .09 | t(169) = 1.06 | ||
| Step 3 | .34 | .03 | ||||
| Persistence | .76 | .25 | .19 | t(180) = 3.04** | ||
*
p≤ .05,
**
p≤ .01; PB = Protective Behaviors; RR = Reinforcement ratio; RDEA = Relative discretionary expenditures towards alcohol. For clarity, only step one and step two of a single regression for alcohol-related problems is included. Although values were slightly different, in each regression age, typical drinks per week, and ethnicity were significant predictors. Similarly, for each regression protective behaviors and depression symptoms were significant predictors (sensation seeking was not).