Table 3. ROC-analysis for the performances of inflammatory cytokine levels and CRP to rule out the possibility of sepsis and intracranial infection.

diagnostic indicators	AUC	SE a	95% CI b	Youden index J	Associated criterion (pg/mL)	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	z statistic	Significance level
Derivation cohort (n = 342)
IL-2	0.901	0.0208	0.866 to 0.930	0.6912	>4.0	90.9	78.2	1.903	0.0570*
IL-4	0.522	0.0437	0.470 to 0.574	0.1477	≤2.9	69.7	45.1	6.818	<0.0001*
IL-6	0.860	0.0203	0.821 to 0.894	0.7104	≤8.5	100.0	71.0	0.504	0.6144*
IL-10	0.888	0.0296	0.851 to 0.918	0.7001	≤3.6	90.9	79.1	1.128	0.2595*
TNF-α	0.604	0.0346	0.552 to 0.654	0.3454	≤2.7	93.9	40.6	6.139	<0.0001*
INF-γ	0.706	0.0264	0.656 to 0.752	0.5334	≤6.3	93.9	59.4	4.466	<0.0001*
CRP	0.848	0.0221	0.807 to 0.883	0.6548	≤4.0	100.0	65.5
Validation cohort (n = 90)
IL-2	0.890	0.0300	0.820 to 0.939		>4.0	90.9	75.6	1.661	0.0968*
IL-4	0.578	0.0525	0.485 to 0.666		≤2.9	69.7	55.6	3.768	0.0002*
IL-6	0.902	0.0264	0.835 to 0.948		≤8.5	100.0	73.3	2.571	0.0101*
IL-10	0.863	0.0358	0.789 to 0.918		≤3.6	90.9	77.8	1.077	0.2817*
TNF-α	0.708	0.0457	0.620 to 0.787		≤2.7	93.9	53.3	1.589	0.1121*
INF-γ	0.693	0.0455	0.604 to 0.773		≤6.3	93.9	56.6	2.006	0.0448*
CRP	0.807	0.0368	0.726 to 0.873		≤4.0	100.0	70.1

^aDeLong et al., 1988.

^bBinomial exact.

*compared with CRP.