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. 2014 May 20;13:46. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-46

Table 1.

Physical characteristics of the study participants 1

 
 Modeling group ( n  = 152)
  
Variable Male ( n  = 87) Female ( n  = 65) P 2
Age (year)
 28.56 ± 11.20
 (18.7, 65.5)
 33.28 ± 16.23
 (18.5, 74.8)
 **
Height (cm)
 173.39 ± 7.85
 (165.0, 195.5)
 160.84 ± 6.24
 (163.6,174.0)
 ***
Weight (kg)
 74.41 ± 14.17
 (50.0, 121.6)
 59.66 ± 9.35
 (52.0, 98.0)
 ***
BMI (kg/m2)
 24.68 ± 4.04
 (16.3, 39.9)
 23.15 ± 3.93
 (16.2, 37.8)
 *
Waist circumference (cm)
 82.41 ± 10.82
 (69.0, 122.5)
 81.11 ± 10.39
 (68.0, 115.0)
 NS
Hip circumference (cm)
 98.50 ± 7.98
 (87.5, 120.0)
 97.81 ± 7.86
 (87.5, 125.5)
 NS
ACSACT (cm)
 478.61 ± 142.62
 (284.4,1004.8)
 448.48 ± 122.94
 (288.7,875.2)
 NS
VFACT (cm)
 51.49 ± 40.71
 (6.5, 179.5)
 58.80 ± 37.88
 (13.0, 218.8)
 NS
SFACT (cm)
 112.56 ± 97.66
 (2.7, 513.2)
 165.59 ± 99.25
 (20.5, 488.8)
 ***
Waist-hip ratio (WHR)
 0.83 ± 0.06
 (0.72, 1.02)
 0.83 ± 0.06
 (0.73, 1.08)
 NS
Subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT)
  
  
  
  
  
  Abdominal, AS (mm)
 18.34 ± 13.29
 (2.5, 59.5)
 23.91 ± 14.12
 (1.0, 62.0)
 **
  Suprailiac, SS (mm)
 18.56 ± 13.33
 (1.8, 59.8)
 24.02 ± 14.11
 (1.0, 62.5)
 **
  Armpit, ARS (mm)
 15.67 ± 11.48
 (4.0, 59.0)
 23.88 ± 14.37
 (3.0, 55.0)
 ***
  Triceps, TS (mm)
 16.08 ± 11.77
 (4.0, 58.0)
 24.07 ± 14.51
 (3.0, 56.0)
 ***
  Subscapular, SUS (mm)
 15.99 ± 11.53
 (4.0, 60.0)
 23.72 ± 14.58
 (3.0, 58.0)
 ***
  Back, BS (mm)
 15.91 ± 11.56
 (4.0, 59.0)
 24.02 ± 14.53
 (3.0, 56.3)
 ***
  Thigh, THS (mm)
 12.41 ± 8.63
 (3.0, 38.0)
 19.63 ± 14.30
 (3.0, 77.0)
 ***
  Calf, CAS (mm)
 12.65 ± 8.84
 (3.0, 42.0)
 19.07 ± 12.92
 (3.5, 55.0)
 ***
  Chin, CHS (mm)
 12.69 ± 8.77
 (2.5, 40.5)
 19.02 ± 12.97
 (3.0, 56.0)
 ***
  Chest, CS (mm)
 12.58 ± 8.72
 (2.8, 40.2)
 19.25 ± 12.72
 (3.2, 55.0)
 ***
 
 Validation group ( n  = 75)
 
 Male
 ( n  = 43)
 Female
 ( n  = 32)
 P 2
Age (year)
 26.13 ± 12.63
 (18.2, 70.8)
 27.07 ± 8.11
 (18.9, 46.4)
 NS
Height (cm)
 174.64 ± 8.51
 (159.4, 197.0)
 161.35 ± 5.53
 (156.0,173.5)
 ***
Weight (kg)
 77.03 ± 10.19
 (61.5, 102.0)
 62.58 ± 15.52
 (47.6, 106.0)
 ***
BMI (kg/m2)
 25.27 ± 3.02
 (20.3, 32.6)
 24.00 ± 5.60
 (17.3, 38.0)
 NS
Waist circumference (cm)
 84.82 ± 10.00
 (68.0, 109.0)
 82.36 ± 13.00
 (67.6, 122.0)
 NS
Hip circumference (cm)
 100.13 ± 5.68
 (88.0, 113.6)
 99.64 ± 11.64
 (86.0, 129.0)
 NS
ACSACT (cm)
 485.40 ± 119.58
 (323.7, 795.6)
 472.40 ± 164.72
 (294.7,995.2)
 NS
VFACT (cm)
 53.09 ± 40.84
 (8.2, 166.2)
 58.98 ± 36.17
 (18.7, 171.1)
 NS
SFACT (cm)
 123.26 ± 90.85
 (10.5, 388.0)
 171.34 ± 118.66
 (8.1, 506.8)
 NS
Waist-hip ratio (WHR)
 0.85 ± 0.06
 (0.73, 1.00)
 0.82 ± 0.06
 (0.73, 0.96)
 NS
Subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT)
  
  
  
  
  
  Abdominal, AS (mm)
 18.33 ± 14.64
 (3.0, 57.0)
 26.02 ± 14.82
 (3.0, 60.0)
 *
  Suprailiac, SS (mm)
 18.53 ± 14.56
 (3.0, 56.5)
 26.42 ± 14.76
 (3.0, 55.0)
 *
  Armpit, ARS (mm)
 17.90 ± 14.27
 (3.5, 61.0)
 24.58 ± 13.92
 (3.0, 55.0)
 *
  Triceps, TS (mm)
 18.27 ± 14.24
 (4.0, 60.5)
 24.39 ± 13.72
 (2.0, 55.0)
 NS
  Subscapular, SUS (mm)
 18.24 ± 14.12
 (3.0, 62.0)
 24.47 ± 13.81
 (4.0, 57.0)
 NS
  Back, BS (mm)
 18.14 ± 14.19
 (3.5, 61.2)
 24.48 ± 13.77
 (3.0, 55.7)
 *
  Thigh, THS (mm)
 12.80 ± 9.37
 (2.5, 42.0)
 20.11 ± 11.23
 (2.0, 52.5)
 **
  Calf, CAS (mm)
 13.08 ± 9.54
 (3.0, 42.2)
 20.41 ± 12.54
 (2.5, 52.0)
 **
  Chin, CHS (mm)
 12.89 ± 9.17
 (3.0, 41.0)
 20.09 ± 12.43
 (3.0, 53.0)
 **
  Chest, CS (mm) 12.92 ± 9.34 (2.8, 41.8) 20.20 ± 12.38 (2.5, 52.5) **

1All values are x¯±SD; minimum and maximum in parentheses;

2Significantly different from male (one-factor ANOVA): NS, not statistically significant;

*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001;

BMI: Body mass index; SFA, subcutaneous fat area; VFA, visceral fat area; ACSA, abdominal cross-sectional area.