Table 2.

HSPs inducers: therapeutic effect on diabetes/metabolic syndrome

HSP inducer	Therapeutic result
Hydroximic acids (Crul et al. 2013)	Improves glycemia, insulin signaling, anti-inflammatory, mitochondria generation renal, and nerve protection; blocks weight gain to antipsychotic medications; ischemia protection; improves diabetic wound healing; reduces liver fat; improves dyslipidemia
Geranylgeranylacetone (Kavanagh et al. 2011)	Improves glycemia, insulin signaling, anti-inflammatory
Alpha-lipoic acid (Gupte et al. 2009b)	Improves glycemia, insulin signaling, anti-inflammatory
Xenohormetic plant compounds (Hooper et al. 2010)-curcumin (Sahin et al. 2012; Maradana et al. 2013), carvacrol (Cho et al. 2012; Wieten et al. 2010), resveratrol (Han et al. 2012; Ito-Nagahata et al. 2013), metformin (Tsuei and Martinus 2012), astaxanthine (Lee et al. 2010; Yuan et al. 2011), naringin (Sharma et al. 2011), rhodiola (Wang et al. 2012; Panossian et al. 2009), capsaicin (Luo et al. 2012; Joo et al. 2010)	Improves glycemia, insulin signaling, and anti-inflammatory; reduce fatty liver; improves exercise performance; reduces fatigue; preserves kidney function; reduces diabetes-related cancer risk; improves endothelial function; extends life span of nematode
Hemeoxygenase inducers (Li et al. 2008)	Improves glycemia, insulin signaling, anti-inflammatory
Hsp90 inhibitors (Lee et al. 2013; Farmer et al. 2012)	Improves glycemia, insulin signaling, anti-inflammatory
Chemical chaperones (Kars et al. 2010; Raciti et al. 2010)	Improves glycemia, insulin signaling, anti-inflammatory
GLP agonist (Cunha et al. 2009)	Protects islets cells
Hsp27 (Dai et al. 2009) and Hsp72 (Chung et al. 2008) gene overexpression	Improves glycemia, improves insulin signaling, reduces inflammatory cytokines, reduces body fat, preserves beta cells