Table 1.

Overview of the cross talk between vitamin D- and p53 signaling.

Crooss talk/interaction	Mechanism	References
p53 modulates cutaneous vitamin D synthesis	p53 upregulates skin pigmentation via POMC derivatives including alpha-MSH and ACTH.	Rev. in Yamaguchi and Hearing, 2009 (77)
p53 regulates VDR expression	p53 and its family members have been implicated in the direct regulation of the VDR.	Maruyama et al., 2006 (97)
	p53 protein binds to highly conserved intron-sequences of the VDR gene.	Kommagani et al., 2007 (96)
1,25-D increases survival of UV-irradiated skin cells	Significant reductions in thymine dimers in the presence of 1,25-D in UV-irradiated, surviving cells that are associated with increased nuclear p53 protein expression.	Gupta et al., 2007 (78)
1,25-D regulates MDM2 expression	Dependent on presence of wild type p53, 1,25-D regulates expression of the MDM2 gene.	Chen et al., 2013 (79)
	Interaction between VDRE and p53Res in the P2 promoter region of the MDM2 gene.

1,25-D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; MDM2, murine double minute 2.