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Oxidative modification of metabolic proteins. The cysteine side chains of multiple metabolic proteins are modified by reactive species. Modifications such as sulfenic acid (-SOH), sulfinic and sulfonic acids (-SO2/3H), electrophile adducts (e.g., by reactive lipids; -S-lipid), glutathiolation (-SSG), and S-nitrosation (-SNO) can regulate protein activity and promote adaptive responses in metabolism that can regulate cytoprotection or promote cell death.
