Table 1.
Demographics and cooking characteristics for household survey and exposure assessment populations.
| Demographic characteristic | Household survey (n=421)a | Exposure assessment (n=29)b |
|---|---|---|
| Value ± SD | Value ± SD | |
| Age of primary cook in years | 39 ± 19 | 43 ± 11 |
| % Female as primary cook | 95 | 100 |
| Ave. time cooked/day (mins) | 185 ± 86 | 217 ± 103 |
| Ave. years cooked in lifetime (years) | 19 ± 15 | 23 ± 13 |
| Ave household size or persons cooked for (dinner) | 5.5 ± 3 | 7 ± 5 |
| Primary fuel | % | % |
| Wood | 81 | 86 |
| Charcoal | 18 | 14 |
| Kerosene | 0 | 0 |
| LPG/other | 1 | 0 |
| Stove-type | % | % |
| Traditional (3, 5 or 7)-stone | 77 | 86 |
| Clay/mud surrounded | 2 | 0 |
| Metal | 1 | 0 |
| Charcoal stove | 18 | 14 |
| Other or n/a | 2 | 0 |
| Kitchen type | % | % |
| Outdoors | 55 | 38 |
| Semi-enclosed | 28 | 38 |
| Fully enclosed | 17 | 24 |
| Tobacco use | % | % |
| Self (during monitoring) | Not asked | 4 |
| Other in household (during monitoring) | Not asked | 11 |
| Anyone in household (past month) | 19 | Not asked |
| Obtain firewood | % | % |
| Gather | 86 | 68 |
| Purchase | 10 | 0 |
| Gather and purchase | 4 | 9 |
| Other smoke exposuresc | % | % |
| Commercial cooking | 23 | 3 |
| Charcoal production | 30 | 3 |
| Cook at farm plot | 59 | 55 |
| Mosquito coil use | 40 | 7 |
| Lantern used | 93 | 66 |
a
Sample size varies between 366 and 421.
b
Sample size varies between 22 and 29.
c
For exposure assessment households, “other smoke exposures” pertain to 24-h monitoring period except “cook at farm plot” (ever).
d
For household survey, lantern use combines paraffin and kerosene; for exposure households, kerosene only. SD, standard deviation.