Table 3. Anthropometry and biomarkers of metabolic syndrome according to the intervention type (ITT analysis).
| Variable | Group, N=54, mean (s.d.) | MI, N=28, mean (s.d.) | SDI, N=26, mean (s.d.) | Difference at baseline and 12 months unadjusted P-value (95% CI) | Difference at 12 months (adjusted model) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body fat % | |||||
| Baseline | 35.9 (5.6) | 35.6 (5.8) | 36.2 (5.4) | 0.703 (−3.680; 2.500) | − |
| 12 Months | 34.3 (5.5) | 33.5 (6.0) | 35.2 (4.9) | 0.253 (−4.709; 1.264) | 0.235 (−2.586; 0.650) |
| Lean muscle (%) | |||||
| Baseline | 27.4 (2.7) | 27.5 (2.8) | 27.2 (2.5) | 0.649 (−1.154; 1.834) | − |
| 12 Months | 27.8 (2.5) | 28.1 (2.9) | 27.6 (2.2) | 0.432 (−0.844; 0.943) | 0.592 (−0.607; 1.053) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | |||||
| Baseline | 83.1 (7.6) | 83.3 (8.2) | 83.0 (7.0) | 0.905 (−3.937; 4.440) | − |
| 12 Months | 81.5 (8.1) | 80.4 (8.6) | 82.6 (7.5) | 0.0307 (−6.705; 2.149) | 0.045a (−4.941; −0.061) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol l−1) | |||||
| Baseline | 4.97 (0.98) | 5.05 (1.2) | 4.89 (0.74) | 0.549 (−0.376; 0.699) | − |
| 12 Months | 5.05 (0.97) | 5.07 (1.11) | 5.03 (0.82) | 0.890 (−0.498; 0.572) | 0.508 (−0.392; 0.197) |
| Triglycerides | |||||
| Baselineb (n=54) | 1.06 (0.73) | 1.07 (0.70) | 1.05 (0.40) | 0.219 | − |
| 12 Monthsb (n=39) | 0.94 (0.41) | 0.95 (0.42) | 0.93 (0.41) | 0.863 | − |
| LDL-Cc (mmol l−1) | |||||
| Baseline | 2.86 (0.85) | 2.90 (0.99) | 2.81 (0.67) | 0.705 (−0.384; 0.563) | − |
| 12 Months | 2.85 (0.87) | 2.85 (0.95) | 2.84 (0.79) | 0.944 (−0.469; 0.503) | 0.600 (−0.303; 0.177) |
| HDL-Cb,c (mmol l−1) | |||||
| Baseline | 1.62 (0.37) | 1.65 (0.34) | 1.58 (0.40) | 0.461 (−0.127; 0.277) | − |
| 12 Months | 1.73 (0.39) | 1.78 (0.36) | 1.68 (0.42) | 0.383 (−0.120; 0.308) | 0.643 (−0.084; 0.135) |
| Glucosec (mmol l−1) | |||||
| Baseline | 4.47 (0.64) | 4.45 (0.53) | 4.48 (0.75) | 0.895 (−0.377; 0.330) | − |
| 12 Months | 4.55 (0.43) | 4.53 (0.41) | 4.56 (0.45) | 0.805 (−0.266; 0.207) | 0.834 (−0.234; 0.189) |
| Visceral adipose tissued (cm3) | |||||
| Baseline | − | − | − | − | − |
| 12 Months | 79.5 (26.3) | 75.6 (26.3) | 84.4 (26.2) | 0.296 (−25.737; 8.050) | − |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | |||||
| Baseline | 120.3 (11.8) | 120.7 (11.6) | 119.9 (12.2) | 0.807 (−5.755; 7.356) | − |
| 12 Months | 119.1 (11.2) | 117.6 (7.8) | 120.7 (13.8) | 0.316 (−9.249; 3.048) | 0.137 (−8.341; 1.174) |
| Diastolic BP (mmol l−1) | |||||
| Baseline | 75.7 (8.3) | 76.1 (7.0) | 75.4 (9.6) | 0.741 (−3.852; 5.381) | − |
| 12 Months | 75.6 (7.3) | 74.4 (5.5) | 76.8 (8.7) | 0.237 (−6.375; 1.613) | 0.037a (−5.572; −0.175) |
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; VAT, visceral adipose tissue.
Statistically significant result.
Non−normally distributed—Mann−Whitney U-test used.
Ten women (3 MI and 7 SDI) who had blood collected at 12 months are missing some results owing to a laboratory reporting error (6 missing LDL-cholesterol, 3 missing HDL-cholesterol and therefore total cholesterol to HDL ratio, and 2 missing fasting blood glucose). One woman declined blood collection at all timepoints.
VAT measures were only collected at 12 months on 40 women—differences were calculated using unpaired t–tests; n varied as follows: baseline—MI=28, SDI=26, group =54; 3 months—MI=26 (−2), SDI=23 (−3), group=49 (−5); 12 months—MI=22 (−6), SDI=18 (−8), group=40 (−14).