Table 2.
Outcomes of key studies in focal cryotherapy
| Reference | No. patients | Follow-up (years) | Gleason score | PSA (ng/ml) | Disease localisation | Ablation strategy | Continence | Potency | Adverse events | Oncological outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahn et al., 2006 [76] | 31 | 5.8 | ≤7 | 4.9 | TRUS biopsy | Hemi-ablation | 31/31 (100%) | 24/27 (89%) | During follow-up: 24/25 (96%) no cancer on biopsy 1/1 recurrence in untreated lobe BDFS (ASTRO)– 26/28 (94%) |
|
| Lambert et al., 2007 [77] | 25 | 2.3 | ≤7 | 6 | TRUS biopsy | Hemi-ablation | 25/25 (100%) | 17/25 (71%) | Retention 1/25 (4%) | During follow-up: 22/25 (88%) no cancer on biopsy 2/3 recurrences in untreated lobe BDFS (Phoenix) –22/25 (88%) |
| Ellis et al., 2007 [78] | 60 | 1.25 | ≤7 | 7.2 | TRUS biopsy | Hemi-ablation | 53/55 (96%) | 24/34 (71%) | During follow-up: 21/35 (60%) no cancer on biopsy 13/14 recurrences in untreated lobe BDFS (ASTRO) –48/60 (80%) |
|
| Onik et al., 2008 [79] | 48 | 4.5 | NR | 7.8 | TPM | Lesion-targeted | 48/48 (100%) | 36/40 (90%) | Sloughed tissue 1/48 (2%) requiring TURP | During follow-up: 43/48 (90%) no cancer on biopsy 5/5 recurrences in untreated area BDFS (ASTRO) – 45/48 (94%) |
| Bahn et al., 2012 [40] | 73 | 3.7 | ≤7 | 5.4 | TRUS biopsy | Hemi-ablation | 70/70 (100%) | 86% | During follow-up: 36/48 (75%) no cancer on biopsy 11/12 recurrences in untreated lobe |
|
| Barret et al., 2012 [25] | 50 | 0.75 | 6 | 6.2 | TPM | Hemi-ablation | 50/50 (100%) | IIEF-5 decrease from 19 to 14 | Retention 4/50 (8%). Gross haematuria 1/50 (2%) requiring irrigation and blood transfusion. 1/50 (2%) stricture. 1/50 (2%) perineal abscess with rectal fistula requiring excision and temporary colostomy. |
NR |
PSA, mean/median pre-procedural prostate-specific antigen; TRUS, transrectal ultrasound guided; BDFS, biochemical disease-free survival; ASTRO criteria, three successive increases in PSA; Phoenix criteria, PSA nadir + 2 ng/dl; TPM, transperineal template mapping biopsy; TURP, transurethral resection of prostate; NR, not reported; IIEF-5 = International Index of Erectile Function.