FIGURE 4. Error-related event-related potentials in an arrow flanker task in ADHD adults, fathers of ADHD probands and controls (Ref. 42).
Response-locked error negativity (Ne, top) and error positivity (Pe, bottom) shown at latencies of maximal amplitude for control participants (red border), parents of ADHD proband (green border) and ADHD participants (black border). Ne but not Pe was attenuated in the ADHD group and fathers compared to controls, which indicates abnormal initial error detection processes that shares familial effects in adult ADHD, suggestive of an informative intermediate phenotype. Figure reproduced from Ref. 48 (© 2009 Elsevier Ltd), with permission from Elsevier. Abbreviations: ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.