Figure 1.

Knock-down of tbx5 genes causes cardiac looping defects. (a–c) Embryos injected with control MO or sub-optimal concentrations of tbx5a or tbx5b MOs. (d–d″) tbx5a morphant phenotypes. (e–e′) tbx5b-morphant phenotypes. (f–h″) Double knock-down of tbx5 genes (0.5 ng each MO (f–f″), 1.5 ng each MO (g–g″) and 3 ng each MO (h–h″)). (i) Quantification of the degree of looping phenotypes: wt, complete; phenotype, incomplete looping s.o., sub-otimal. (j) Quantification of the looping orientation phenotypes. A χ² statistic has been calculated to assess significant differences between groups (**p < 0.001, *p < 0.05). Images are frontal views of 48 hpf embryos, and myl7 expression is used to highlight the developing heart.