Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Participants by Treatment Group (N=871).*
| Characteristics | GIK (n=411) | Placebo (n=460) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD, (years) | 63.9±13.9 | 63.3±14.1 |
| Women | 113 (27.5%) | 140 (30.4%) |
| Men | 298 (72.5%) | 320(69.6%) |
| White | 332/403 (82.4%) | 392/451 (86.9%) |
| Black | 52/403 (12.9%) | 42/451 (9.3%) |
| Asian | 6/403 (1.5%) | 3/451 (0.7%) |
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 8/403 (2.0%) | 8/451 (1.8%) |
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 2/403 (0.5%) | 2/451 (0.4%) |
| Other | 4/403 (1.0%) | 4/451 (0.9%) |
| Hispanic ethnic group | 44/402 (10.9%) | 58/445 (13.0%) |
| Chief complaint upon presentation | ||
| Chest pain | 358/411 (87.1%) | 391/460 (85.0%) |
| Dyspnea | 15/411 (3.6%) | 19/460 (4.1%) |
| Initial out-of-hospital blood pressure – (mm Hg) | ||
| Systolic | 143.3±32.0 | 143.4±34.9 |
| Diastolic | 84.4±23.6 | 85.0±25.1 |
| Initial out-of-hospital heart rate –(beats/min) | 86.8±24.7 | 86.6±25.6 |
| Initial out-of-hospital respiratory rate – (breaths/min) | 19.3±4.2 | 19.5±4.4 |
| Time from symptom onset to study drug (≤ 24 hours) | ||
| Median | 90.0 | 90.0 |
| Interquartile range | 50.0–159.3 | 52.0–159.3 |
| Time from symptom onset to study drug | ||
| 0 to 30 minutes | 24/401 (6.0%) | 20/457 (4.4%) |
| 31 to 60 minutes | 101/401 (25.2%) | 121/457 (26.5%) |
| 61 to 90 minutes | 60/401 (15.0%) | 74/457 (16.2%) |
| 91 to 180 minutes | 66/401 (16.5%) | 82/457 (17.9%) |
| 181 to 360 minutes | 46/401 (11.5%) | 55/457 (12.0%) |
| 361 minutes to 24 hours | 37/401 (9.2%) | 36/457 (7.9%) |
| Within 24 hours - unspecified | 31/401 (7.7%) | 34/457 (7.4%) |
| > 24 hours | 36/401 (9.0%) | 35/457 (7.7%) |
| STEMI on presenting out-of-hospital ECG (%) | 163/411 (39.7%) | 194/460 (42.2%) |
| ACI-TIPI score ‡ | 74.6±22.6 | 76.9±20.6 |
| TPI triggered – No./Total (%) | 84/411 (20.4%) | 116/460 (25.2%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 121/411 (29.4%) | 121/460 (26.3%) |
| Heart failure | 68/411 (16.5%) | 77/460 (16.7%) |
| Myocardial infarction | 152/411 (37.0%) | 159/460 (34.6%) |
| Hospital acute reperfusion treatment | ||
| Thrombolytic therapy | 3/411 (0.7%) | 8/460 (1.7%) |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 198/411 (48.2%) | 208/460 (45.2%) |
| Coronary artery bypass graft | 12/411 (2.9%) | 13/460 (2.8%) |
Abbreviations: STEMI, ST elevation myocardial infarction; ACI-TIPI, acute cardiac ischemia time-insensitive predictive instrument; TPI, thrombolytic predictive instrument.
*
Plus-minus values are means±SD.
†
Race was self-reported.
‡
ACI-TIPI score ≥ 75% was part of the inclusion criteria.
19 patients had 21 repeat visits.
No significant differences were noted between GIK and placebo.