Table III.

Association of demographic and clinical variables with HPV 16/18 (published datasets only in all regions)

Variable	HPV16/18 positive
	All studies (N = 3163)		Small studiesa (N = 918)		Large studiesb (N = 2245)
	ORc (95% CI)	P value	ORc (95% CI)	P value	ORc (95% CI)	P value
Gender		0.141		0.049		0.824
Male	1.0 (ref.)		1.0 (ref.)		1.0 (ref.)
Female	1.27 (0.92, 1.75)		1.61 (1.00, 2.59)		1.05 (0.68, 1.62)
Age (years)		0.420		0.029		0.361
≤66	1.0 (ref.)		1.0 (ref.)		1.0 (ref.)
>66	1.13 (0.84, 1.54)		1.65 (1.05, 2.59)		0.82 (0.54, 1.25)
Race		0.029		0.708		< 0.001
Othersd	1.0 (ref.)		1.0 (ref.)		1.0 (ref.)
White	0.33 (0.12, 0.90)		0.80 (0.25, 2.59)		0.08 (0.02, 0.33)
Smoking history		0.930		0.859		0.974
Never smoked	1.0 (ref.)		1.0 (ref.)		1.0 (ref.)
Ever smoked	1.02 (0.66, 1.57)		1.06 (0.58, 1.91)		1.01 (0.59, 1.74)
Histology		0.812		0.576		0.827
Otherse	1.0 (ref.)		1.0 (ref.)		1.0 (ref.)
SCC	1.05 (0.71, 1.54)		1.16 (0.69, 1.93)		0.94 (0.53, 1.66)
Tumor stage		0.561		0.044		0.338
I/II	1.0 (ref.)		1.0 (ref.)		1.0 (ref.)
III	0.87 (0.56, 1.37)		0.94 (0.53, 1.66)		0.78 (0.36, 1.68)
IV	1.10 (0.66, 1.85)		2.55 (1.08, 6.04)		0.68 (0.36, 1.27)

Ref.: reference level.

^aSmall studies include studies with 22 ≤ number of cases ≤ 99.

^bLarge studies include studies with 131 ≤ number of cases ≤ 399.

^cStudy was included as a random effect.

^dOthers include Asian, Black, Hispanic and race not specified.

^eOthers include adenocarcinoma and histology not specified.