Table 4. Political activity and access to welfare: logistic and ordered logistic regression estimates.
| Variables | Model 1 (WELFARE1) | Model 2 (WELFARE1) | Model 3 (WELFARE2) | Model 4 (WELFARE2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PAI | 0.382*** (0.070) | 0.385*** (0.077) | 0.428*** (0.068) | 0.429*** (0.0671) |
| Age | −0.012 (0.043) | 0.008 (0.048) | 0.012 (0.041) | 0.0383 (0.0442) |
| Sex (1=female) | 0.349*** (0.120) | 0.450*** (0.125) | 0.321*** (0.116) | 0.446*** (0.114) |
| Income | 0.013 (0.075) | 0.045 (0.076) | −0.001 (0.992) | 0.0372 (0.0735) |
| Own | −0.435*** (0.093) | −0.290*** (0.089) | −0.449*** (0.089) | −0.309*** (0.0842) |
| Need | 0.144 (0.118) | 0.173 (0.108) | 0.167 (0.121) | 0.190** (0.0927) |
| Religious participation | 0.070 (0.069) | 0.121* (0.069) | 0.091 (0.058) | 0.150** (0.0601) |
| Piety | −0.027 (0.063) | −0.009 (0.064) | −0.052 (0.063) | −0.0419 (0.0633) |
| Child | 0.696*** (0.194) | 0.561*** (0.200) | 0.864 (0.175) | 0.742*** (0.186) |
| Fractionalization | −0.004 (0.004) | −0.002 (0.005) | −0.003 (0.005) | −0.00244 (0.00441) |
| Shi'a | 0.365 (0.241) | 0.398* (0.233) | ||
| Sunni | 0.941*** (0.282) | 1.144*** (0.266) | ||
| Constant | −0.757** (0.375) | −1.221*** (0.428) | 0.883** (0.363) | 1.382*** (0.396) |
| Observations | 1,641 | 1,418 | 1,641 | 1,418 |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.0517 | 0.0674 | 0.0451 | 0.0630 |
In model 3, all values of the dependent variable are compared to non-receipt of welfare. Standard errors in parentheses
*
p≤0.1,
**
p≤0.05,
***
p≤0.01