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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Learn Disabil Res Pract. 2014 May 11;29(2):46–53. doi: 10.1111/ldrp.12031

Table 1.

Mean Effect Sizes for Early Elementary and Upper Elementary/Secondary Students with Reading Difficulties Provided Intensive Interventions

Student Outcome Early Elementary K-3 Upper grades 4–9
Mean ES # of Effects Mean ES # of Effects
Comprehension .46 25 .09 37
Reading Fluency .34 11 .12 8
Word Reading .56 53 .20 22
Spelling .40 24 .20 5

Note. ES = effect size.