Table 3. The recovery yields of selected V_H after thermal stress. Data are means and standard deviation for three independent treatment of heat denaturation within the same sample.

	Initial A280 nm a	Final A280 nm b	Recovery yield (%)c
MG2x1 (parent)	0.964±0.011	0.041±0.006	3.843±0.662
MG8-4	0.714±0.013	0.653±0.049	91.389±5.241
MG8-14	0.726±0.010	0.643±0.062	88.458±7.370
MG8-14 [L50W]	0.722±0.011	0.695±0.022	96.257±2.305
HEL4	0.964±0.011	0.878±0.032	91.097±2.348

^aAbsorbance at 280 nm at 25°C.

^bAbsorbance at 280 nm after heating (85°C) followed by cooling (25°C). Aggregates after heating were removed by centrifugation.

^cThe recovery yield was defined as the fraction of soluble V_H remaining after heating at the denaturation temperature (85°C).