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Curcumin prevents TNF-α-induced ROS generation in VSMCs. VSMCs were pretreated with 40 μM curcumin for 1 h and induced by 100 ng/ml TNF-α for 23 h. *P<0.05, vs. control group; #P<0.05, vs. TNF-α-treated group. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; ROS, reactive oxygen species.
