daphne is a novel nin mutant allele. A, Allelism tests by crossing daphne and nin-2 mutants (Schauser et al., 1999). Nodules were counted at 14 DAI on each plant root. B to E, Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis of NIN (B and D), NF-YA (C), and RR6 (E) expression in the Miyakojima MG-20 wild type (black bars), in daphne (gray bars), and in nin-9 (white bars) noninoculated (0), at 1, 3, and 7 DAI (B and C), or dependent on cytokinin treatment (10−7 M benzylaminopurine [BAP]) for 16 h (D and E). Each cDNA was prepared from total RNA derived from whole root. Fold changes in expression are shown relative to roots at 0 DAI (B and C) or before cytokinin treatment (D and E). Error bars indicate sd of three biological replicates. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 by Student’s t test.