Figure 1.
Manhattan plots (left panel) and quantile-quantile (QQ) plots (right panel) for GWAS of dfsPF and dfsSM. (a) pit-and-fissure surface scan and (b) smooth surface scan. Manhattan plots show -log10-transformed p-values (y-axis) across the whole genome (x-axis). The genomic inflation factors (λ) are 1.028 for pit-and-fissure surface scan and 1.031 for smooth surface scan. Percentage of p-values used to calculate λ was set at 0.95. The two horizontal lines in Manhattan plots represent suggestive significance threshold (p-value < 1.0E-5) and genome-wide significance threshold (p-value < 5.0E-8) respectively. Diagonal lines in QQ plots represent the expected distribution of p-values under the null hypothesis of no association. Genotyped and imputed SNPs are plotted together.