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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 4.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Mater. 2014 Mar 20;26(21):3398–3404. doi: 10.1002/adma.201305928

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Bacteriophage film growth and morphology. A. Atomic force microscopy of a silicon substrate functionalized with a single layer of bacteriophages, and schematic representation of the covalent LbL process. B. Grow curve as a function of the number of EDC-phage bilayers, for three different assembly conditions: Diamond (1 bL = 36 min; 75 mM EDC, 5×1012 phage mL−1), Circle (1 bL = 14 min; 75 mM EDC, 1013 phage mL−1), Triangle (1 bL = 14 min; 150 mM EDC, 1013 phage mL−1). C. Growth curve as a function of the total assembly time for the same conditions. D. Surface morphology of the bacteriophage film after 16, 32, 48, 64 and 80 (EDC-phage) bilayers, characterized by AFM. E. Optical image of a 300 bL bacteriophage film constructed on silicon and cross-sectional TEM image of the film, illustrating the nanoporous morphology of the film.