Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants with normal and elevated urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.
| Characteristics | Normal UACR (n = 2276) | Elevated UACR (n = 613) | P value |
| Urban residents, n (%) | 1350(59.3) | 343(56.0) | 0.134 |
| Age, mean±SD | 53.37±10.24 | 57.94±10.29 | <0.001 |
| Females, n (%) | 1370 (60.2%) | 403 (65.7%) | 0.001 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 516 (22.7%) | 102 (16.6%) | 0.001 |
| Current drinker, n (%) | 410 (18.0%) | 97 (15.8%) | 0.231 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 5.20 (4.70–5.70) | 5.40 (4.90–6.25) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.08 (4.49–5.71) | 5.29 (4.71–5.98) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.12 (0.79–1.62) | 1.28 (0.85–1.79) | <0.001 |
| Serum uric acid, mmol/L | 268 (213–333) | 276 (223–346) | 0.026 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.95 (2.49–3.47) | 3.13 (2.64–3.67) | <0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.45 (1.22–1.72) | 1.43 (1.21–1.68) | 0.357 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean±SD | 129.1±16.2 | 140.0±19.8 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean±SD | 84.1±9.0 | 88.3±9.9 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 962(47.3) | 406(66.2) | <0.001 |
| BMI(kg/m2), mean±SD | 24.61±3.55 | 25.70±4.47 | <0.001 |
| WHR, mean±SD | 0.89±0.10 | 0.90±0.30 | <0.001 |
| BMI, n(%) | <0.001 | ||
| <24 | 1024 (45.0) | 204 (33.3) | |
| 24.0–27.9 | 949 (41.7) | 278 (45.3) | |
| ≥28 | 303 (13.3) | 131 (21.4) | <0.001 |
| Central obesity, n (%) | 1103 (48.5) | 393 (64.1) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) unless otherwise noted. LDL: low density lipoprotein; HDL: high density lipoprotein; UACR: urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Elevated UACR was defined as UACR ≥17 mg/g for males and ≥25 mg/g for females. BMI: body mass index. WHR: wait-to-hip ratio, central obesity was defined asWHR ≥0.85 for females and ≥0.90 for males.