TABLE 5.

Summary of the genes mapped on I-CeuI genomic fingerprints of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora strains and comparison to genes in other closely related human pathogens^a

Fragment	Genes
	E. carotovora subsp. carotovora				E. coli		Salmonella		Yersinia
	WPP1b	WPP14b	WPP17c	WPP19	K-12	EDL933	LT2	CT18	CO92c	KIM
1d	purH	purH	purH	purH	purH	purH	purH	purH	purH	purH
2e	rsmA	rsmA	rsmA	hemG	hemG	hemG	hemG	hemG	hemG	hemG
3e	hemG, mobB	hemG, mobB	hemG, murI	rsmA	murI, mobB	murI, mobB	murI, mobB	murI, mobB	murI, yieP, oriCg	murI
4f	murI	?	mobB	murI	yieP, oriC	yieP, oriC, TTSS	yieP, oriC	yieP, oriC		yieP, gmhB, oriCg
5h	?	murI		?	gmhB	gmhB	gmhB	rsmA, mdh, TTSS	rsmA, mdh	rsmA, mdh, TTSS
6	gmhB	gmhB	gmhB	gmhB, mobB	rsmA, mdh	rsmA, mdh, TTSS	rsmA, mdh	gmhB	gmhB, mobB, TTSS	mobB
7i	acnA, yieP, mdh, outH, pelB, TTSS	acnA, yieP, mdh, outH, pelB, TTSS	acnA, yieP, mdh, outH, pelB, [TTSS]	acnA, yieP, mdh, outH, pelB, TTSS	acnA	acnA	acnA, TTSS	acnA, TTSS	acnA	acnA

^aSeven I-CeuI fragments were designated fragments 1 through 7 in accordance to the diagram shown in Fig. 5; the smallest fragment was fragment 1. Gene locations for E. coli, Salmonella, and Yersinia were determined from genome sequence data. Among the gene probes used, the purH, hemG, mobB, murI, yieP, and gmhB genes are housekeeping genes flanking rrn operons in most enterobacteria examined to date; mdh and acnA are the two housekeeping genes subjected to sequence analysis; and outH, rsmA, pelB, and TTSS are important virulence factors in E. carotovora subsp. carotovora. Brackets indicate the absence of the genes. A question mark indicates that no gene has been assigned to the fragment.

^bThe DNA hybridization results for E. carotovora subsp. carotovora 193 (serogroup 11) and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora 63 (serogroup 9) were similar to those for WPP1, and the DNA hybridization results for E. carotovora subsp. carotovora 71 (serogroup 3) and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora 380 (serogroup 29) were similar to those for strain WPP14.

^cE. carotovora subsp. carotovora WPP17 and Yersinia pestis CO92 contain six rRNA operons instead of the seven copies commonly found in enterobacteria.

^dpurH is on fragment 1 (40 to 50 kb) in all enteric species examined.

^eThe gene location of hemG and murI is conserved in E. coli, Salmonella, and Yersinia but not in E. carotovora subsp. carotovora. The rsmA gene is on the same fragment as mdh in E. coli, Salmonella, and Yersinia but not in E. carotovora subsp. carotovora.

^fThe location of yieP is conserved on fragment 4 in multiple species, including E. coli, Salmonella sp., and Y. pestis KIM. This gene is not located on fragment 4 in Y. pestis CO92, which has only six rRNA operons, or in any of the E. carotovora subsp. carotovora strains.

^gThe Y. pestis oriC is based on DNA sequence characteristics, not experimental data.

^hFor a better comparison of the genes mapped on similar-size fragments, fragment 5 of WPP17 and fragment 4 of Y. pestis CO92 were displaced by one row.

ⁱacnA was mapped on the largest fragment in all enteric species examined. The locations of three housekeeping genes and three virulence genes are highly conserved in E. carotovora subsp. carotovora. Note that WPP17 lacked several TTSS genes.