Table 2. Scoring of variables derived from video analysis of behaviour in the various subtests.

Subtests are numbered as in Table 1.

	Variable	Type	Score	Description
2	Greeting test
2a.	Approach latency	Rating	0	Does not approach the experimenter (10 cm from experimenters hands) within 45 seconds.
			1	Approaches the experimenter within 21-45 seconds after she started calling.
			2	Approaches the experimenter within 11-20 seconds after she started calling.
			3	Approaches the experimenter within 10 seconds after she started calling.
2b.	Tail-wagging	Rating	0	Wags tail <30% of interaction time.
			1	Wags tail 30-69% of interaction time.
			2	Wags tail 70% or more of interaction time.
2c.	Jumping up	Absence/	0	Does not jump up or climb into experimenters lap.
		Presence	1	Jumps up or climbs into experimenters lap.
2d.	Pawing/ rolling over	Absence/	0	Does not give the paw or attempt to roll over.
		Presence	1	Gives the paw or rolls over/ performs intention movements to roll over.
6.	Back test
6a.	Struggling	Duration	% time	Quick movements of body, head, and legs. Does not include slow movement of individual limbs or the head. Absolute duration in seconds (precision 0.2 s).
6b.	Vocalising	Duration	% time	Duration of vocalisations. Absolute duration in s (precision 0.2 s).
7.	Vetcheck test
7a.	Flight	Absence/	0	No escape attempt.
		Presence	1	Escape attempt (trying to move away with the whole body while being held – does not include movement with the head to avoid teeth control or walking away when not held).
7b.	Interaction	Absence/	0	Mouthing or licking of experimenter’s fingers/ face for <20% of the time.
		Presence	1	Mouthing or licking of experimenter’s fingers/ face for at least 20% of the time.
8.	Staring test
8.	Look away	Event	Frequency	Averting gaze (head turn away from experimenter’s face). This is followed by the experimenter reorienting the puppy to look into its eyes again.
10.	Novel object test
10a.	Approach latency	Rating	1	Does not approach to within 20 cm of the novel object within 30 s.
			2	Approaches to within 20 cm of the novel object after 5 s.
			3	Approaches to within 20 cm of the novel object within 5 s/ does not retreat more than 20cm when approached by the novel object.
10b.	Tail position	Rating	1	Tail mostly low.
			2	Tail partly low, partly medium/high.
			3	Tail mostly medium to high.
10c.	Hunt	Absence/	0	Puppy did not ‘hunt’ the novel object (jump at the object with the fore paws and/ or bite into it).
		Presence	1	Puppy ‘hunted’ the novel object (i.e., jumped at the object with their fore paws and/ or bit into it).
10d.	Minimum distance	Estimate	continuous	Estimated closest distance (cm) of puppy to paper bag.