Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients Consented or Refused to Study Participation
| Consented Patients N = 134 | Refused Patients N = 407 | P-value* | |
| Patient Characteristics | |||
| Age (year) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 69.9 (9.6) | 73.0 (9.7) | 0.002 |
| Race | |||
| White | 83% | 84% | 0.001 |
| No-white (mainly African American) | 15% | 7% | |
| Unknown | 2% | 9% | |
| Cardiac Systolic Function | |||
| LVEF (%) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 31.3 (7.0) | 31.7 (7.9) | 0.56 |
| CHF Medication | |||
| ACE-Inhibitors | 82% | 75% | 0.08 |
| β-Blockers | 76% | 71% | 0.27 |
| Distance between Residence and Study Site (Mile) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 21.7 (21.4) | 31.3 (33.6) | 0.0002 |
*: P-value of statistical tests of t-test or chi-square test, comparing patients consented vs. refused to study participation.