Exhibit 1.
Characteristics Of Injured Patients In The Study Sample Transported By Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
| Characteristics | Number | Percent |
|---|---|---|
|
DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
| ||
| Age (years)a | ||
| Under 18 | 35,385 | 11.8 |
| 18–54 | 163,020 | 54.1 |
| 55 or older | 102,809 | 34.1 |
| Female | 145,188 | 48.2 |
|
| ||
|
PREHOSPITAL PHYSIOLOGY AND PROCEDURES
| ||
| Initial SBP ≤90 mmHg | 8,536 | 2.8 |
| Initial GCS ≤8 | 4,988 | 1.7 |
| Intubation attempt | 2,136 | 0.7 |
| Intravenous line placement | 91,254 | 30.3 |
|
| ||
|
FIELD TRIAGE STATUS
| ||
| 1 or more field triage criteria | 52,872 | 17.6 |
|
| ||
|
MECHANISM OF INJURY
| ||
| Gunshot wound | 3,137 | 1.0 |
| Stabbing | 6,082 | 2.0 |
| Assault | 27,266 | 9.1 |
| Fall | 118,856 | 39.5 |
| Motor vehicle crash | 90,844 | 30.2 |
| Other | 55,029 | 18.3 |
|
| ||
|
EMS TRANSPORT
| ||
| Air medical scene transport | 1,247 | 0.4 |
| Interhospital transfer | 7,759 | 2.6 |
|
| ||
|
HOSPITAL TYPE (FINAL DESTINATION)
| ||
| Level 1 trauma center | 98,709 | 32.8 |
| Level 2 trauma center | 28,800 | 9.6 |
| Nontrauma center | 173,705 | 57.7 |
|
| ||
|
OUTCOME
| ||
| ISSb | ||
| 0–8 | 257,662 | 85.5 |
| 9–15 | 31,170 | 10.4 |
| ≥16 | 12,382 | 4.1 |
| Major nonorthopedic surgeryc | 12,020 | 4.0 |
| Orthopedic surgery | 65,470 | 21.7 |
| In-hospital mortality | 4,447 | 1.5 |
SOURCE Authors’ analysis of the study data.
NOTES N = 301; 214 patients. SBP is systolic blood pressure. GCS is Glasgow Coma Scale. See Sternbach GL. The Glasgow coma scale. J Emerg Med. 2000;19(1):67–71.
a
Mean age is 45.7 years.
b
ISS is Injury Severity Score (see Note 27 in text). Mean ISS is 4.4. 0–8 is minor injury, 9–15 is moderate injury, and ≥16 is serious injury.
c
Brain, spine, neck, thorax, abdomen, interventional radiology, or vascular operative procedures during hospitalization.