Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by serum aminotransferase concentration* in 94 533 men and 47 522 women
|
Men
|
Women
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
All levels (n=94 533)
|
By concentration
|
All levels (n=47 522)
|
By concentration
|
|||||
| Baseline characteristics | Normal (n=84 287) | Raised (n=10 246) | P value | Normal (n=46 575) | Raised (n=947) | P value | ||
| Mean (SD) | ||||||||
| Age (years) | 44.8 (6.7) | 44.8 (6.7) | 44.4 (6.5) | <0.001 | 42.0 (6.0) | 42.0 (6.0) | 44.5 (6.8) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.4 (2.4) | 23.3 (2.3) | 23.4 (2.6) | <0.001 | 22.2 (2.4) | 22.2 (2.4) | 23.7 (3.0) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 125.2 (13.9) | 124.8 (13.7) | 128.8 (14.6) | <0.001 | 115.8 (12.2) | 115.7 (12.1) | 120.9 (14.9) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 82.0 (9.4) | 81.7 (9.4) | 84.3 (9.7) | <0.001 | 75.3 (8.8) | 75.2 (8.8) | 78.8 (10.2) | <0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 5.1 (1.0) | 5.1 (1.0) | 5.4 (1.2) | <0.001 | 4.8 (0.6) | 4.8 (0.6) | 5.1 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Total serum cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.0 (0.9) | 5.0 (0.8) | 5.2 (1.0) | <0.001 | 4.9 (0.8) | 4.9 (0.8) | 5.2 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Serum AST (IU/I) | 25.7 (13.3) | 23.0 (5.7) | 48.0 (28.3) | <0.001 | 20.3 (7.2) | 19.8 (5.0) | 46.4 (26.2) | <0.001 |
| Serum ALT (IU/I) | 25.2 (15.9) | 21.5 (6.7) | 55.5 (30.9) | <0.001 | 17.4 (8.9) | 16.7 (5.5) | 54.1 (33.1) | <0.001 |
| Number (%) | ||||||||
| Smoking status: | ||||||||
| Non-smoker | 20 147 (21.3) | 18 160 (21.5) | 1 987 (19.4) | <0.001 | 47 131 (99.2) | 46 193 (99.2) | 938 (99.1) | 0.797 |
| Ex-smoker | 19 477 (20.6) | 17 498 (20.8) | 1 979 (19.3) | 391 (0.8)† | 382 (0.8)† | 9 (0.9)† | ||
| Current smoker | 54 909 (58.1) | 48 629 (57.7) | 6 280 (61.3) | |||||
| Average alcohol consumption: | ||||||||
| Non-drinker | 27 643 (29.2) | 24 961 (29.6) | 2 682 (26.2) | <0.001 | 44 933 (94.5) | 44 046 (94.5) | 887 (93.7) | 0.253 |
| <50 g/day | 57 901 (61.3) | 51 832 (61.5) | 6 069 (59.2) | 2 559 (5.5)‡ | 2 529 (5.5)‡ | 60 (6.3)‡ | ||
| ≥50 g/day | 8 989 (9.5) | 7 494 (8.9) | 1 495 (14.6) | |||||
| Family history of liver disease: | ||||||||
| Yes | 3 436 (3.6) | 2 994 (3.6) | 442 (4.3) | <0.001 | 482 (1.0) | 464 (1.0) | 18 (1.9) | 0.010 |
| No/unknown | 91 097 (96.4) | 81 293 (96.4) | 9 804 (95.7) | 47 040 (99.0) | 46 111 (99.0) | 929 (98.1) | ||
AST=aspartate aminotransferase, ALT=alanine aminotransferase.
*
Aminotransferase concentration defined as normal when AST<40 IU/I and ALT <40 IU/I and raised when AST ≥40 IU/I and/or ALT ≥40 IU/I.
†
Smoking in women defined as non-smoker or any smoking.
‡
Alcohol consumption in women defined as non-drinker or any drinking.