Table 2.
Association between baseline characteristics and risk of mortality from liver diseases. Figures are relative risks (95% confidence intervals)
| Baseline characteristics | Men | Women |
|---|---|---|
| Age (per one year increase) | 1.05 (1.04 to 1.06) | 1.14 (1.07 to 1.21) |
| Raised AST (≥40 IU/I) | 18.17 (15.24 to 21.66) | 22.53 (8.36 to 60.67) |
| Raised ALT (≥40 IU/I) | 8.93 (7.49 to 10.64) | 27.32 (11.24 to 66.40) |
| Family history of liver disease | 2.62 (1.93 to 3.56) | — |
| Body mass index* (kg/m2): | ||
| <21.75 (<20.51) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 21.75-23.38 (20.51-22.06) | 0.87 (0.68 to 1.10) | 0.76 (0.17 to 3.37) |
| 23.39-25.0 (22.07-23.72) | 0.82 (0.64 to 1.05) | 0.25 (0.03 to 2.27) |
| ≥25.01 (≥23.75) | 0.83 (0.65 to 1.06) | 3.83 (1.27 to 11.55) |
| Blood pressure: | ||
| Normal | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Prehypertension | 1.11 (0.89 to 1.39) | 2.99 (1.21 to 7.41) |
| Hypertension | 1.91 (1.46 to 2.49) | 3.63 (0.75 to 17.45) |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l): | ||
| <6.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 6.1-6.9 | 2.10 (1.77 to 2.57) | 0.68 (0.09 to 5.04) |
| ≥7.0 | 3.18 (2.29 to 4.42) | — |
| Total serum cholesterol* (mmol/l): | ||
| <4.4 (<4.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 4.4-4.8 (4.3-4.7) | 0.63 (0.50 to 0.79) | 1.32 (0.46 to 3.80) |
| 4.9-5.4 (4.8-5.3) | 0.49 (0.38 to 0.62) | 0.97 (0.31 to 3.01) |
| ≥5.5 (≥5.4) | 0.48 (0.37 to 0.61) | 0.50 (0.13 to 2.01) |
| Smoking: | ||
| Non-smoker | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Past smoker | 1.07 (0.81 to 1.42) | — |
| Current smoker | 1.20 (0.95 to 1.51) | — |
| Ever smoked | — | 5.53 (0.75 to 41.04) |
| Alcohol consumption (g/day): | ||
| Non-drinker | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| <50 | 0.78 (0.64 to 0.94) | — |
| 50-99 | 0.96 (0.68 to 1.35) | — |
| 100-199 | 1.09 (0.58 to 2.06) | — |
| ≥200 | 3.33 (1.64 to 6.76) | — |
| Drinker | — | 1.66 (0.39 to 7.08) |
AST=aspartate aminotransferase, ALT=alanine aminotransferase.
*
Figures in parentheses are ranges for women.