Table 2.
Estimates from subject-specific models of the effects of very low or low food security experiences on the number of servings of fruit and vegetables consumed by children during previous 7 daysa, b, c. β-Coefficients and P values.
| Outcome | N | Very low or low food security (0-1) | BMI (kg/m2) | Physical exercise (d/week) | Television watching (min/d) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fruit | |||||
| All | 5670 | 2.34 (0.005) | 0.017 (0.854) | 0.2107 (0.017) | 0.0018 (0.153) |
| Boys | 2750 | 2.55 (0.038) | 0.211 (0.135) | 0.2696 (0.038) | 0.0035 (0.030) |
| Girls | 2920 | 2.09 (0.040) | –0.144 (0.185) | 0.1541 (0.141) | –0.0004 (0.827) |
| Green salad | |||||
| All | 5670 | 0.64 (0.154) | 0.031 (0.449) | 0.1158 (0.012) | –0.0003 (0.675) |
| Boys | 2750 | 0.76 (0.172) | 0.053 (0.234) | 0.0864 (0.176) | –0.0003 (0.710) |
| Girls | 2920 | 0.67 (0.342) | 0.001 (0.989) | 0.1456 (0.031) | –0.0002 (0.746) |
| Carrots | |||||
| All | 5670 | 0.65 (0.144) | 0.047 (0.334) | 0.1232 (0.009) | –0.0005 (0.386) |
| Boys | 2750 | 1.05 (0.115) | 0.191 (0.001) | 0.065 (0.269) | –0.0006 (0.445) |
| Girls | 2920 | 0.49 (0.397) | –0.092 (0.184) | 0.1583 (0.034) | –0.0006 (0.477) |
| Potatoes | |||||
| All | 5670 | 0.34 (0.500) | –0.025 (0.514) | –0.0003 (0.996) | 0.0013 (0.037) |
| Boys | 2750 | 0.05 (0.955) | 0.003 (0.953) | 0.0783 (0.390) | 0.0013 (0.068) |
| Girls | 2920 | 0.64 (0.165) | –0.051 (0.292) | –0.0779 (0.078) | 0.0012 (0.287) |
| Other vegetables | |||||
| All | 5670 | 0.26 (0.723) | 0.015 (0.798) | 0.1819 (0.010) | –0004 (0.630) |
| Boys | 2750 | 0.17 (0.884) | 0.069 (0.374) | 0.0842 (0.406) | 0.0012 (0.186) |
| Girls | 2920 | 0.48 (0.586) | –0.064 (0.444) | 0.2635 (0.007) | –0.0021 (0.180) |
aVery low or low food security is defined as ≥3 affirmative response on the USDA Household Food Security Survey Module.
b P values are adjusted for within-child correlation among repeated observations, and longitudinal ECLS-K sampling weights adjusted for oversampling and nonresponse.
cControlling for number of siblings, household size, a series of household income category indicator variables, a series of parental education level indicator variables, an indicator variable for spring 2007, and county-level characteristics measuring income per capita, annual unemployment rate, and Food Stamp Program recipients per capita.