Table 3.
Estimates from subject-specific models of the effects of very low and low food security experiences on the number of servings of fruit and vegetables consumed by children during previous 7 daysa, b, c. β-Coefficients and P values.
| Outcome | N | Very low food security (0-1) | Low food security (0-1) | BMI (kg/m2) | Physical exercise (d/week) | Television watching (min/d) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fruit | ||||||
| All | 5670 | 2.37 (0.153) | 2.33 (0.007) | 0.017 (0.854) | 0.2108 (0.017) | 0.0018 (0.153) |
| Boys | 2750 | 2.67 (0.309) | 2.52 (0.041) | 0.210 (0.133) | 0.2700 (0.038) | 0.0035 (0.030) |
| Girls | 2920 | 1.62 (0.259) | 2.22 (0.046) | −0.143 (0.188) | 0.1519 (0.147) | −0.0004 (0.828) |
| Green salad | ||||||
| All | 5670 | 0.84 (0.088) | 0.59 (0.234) | 0.030 (0.458) | 0.1166 (0.012) | −0.0003 (0.674) |
| Boys | 2750 | 0.93 (0.186) | 0.72 (0.221) | 0.053 (0.238) | 0.0869 (0.176) | −0.0003 (0.709) |
| Girls | 2920 | 1.09 (0.136) | 0.56 (0.481) | 0.0001 (0.999) | 0.1476 (0.029) | −0.0002 (0.744) |
| Carrots | ||||||
| All | 5670 | 1.50 (0.032) | 0.43 (0.357) | 0.045 (0.356) | 0.1265 (0.008) | −0.0005 (0.384) |
| Boys | 2750 | 1.52 (0.137) | 0.93 (0.183) | 0.190 (0.001) | 0.0664 (0.256) | −0.0006 (0.446) |
| Girls | 2920 | 1.71 (0.049) | 0.17 (0.777) | −0.095 (0.172) | 0.1639 (0.028) | −0.0006 (0.468) |
| Potatoes | ||||||
| All | 5670 | 2.39 (0.009) | −0.21 (0.712) | −0.030 (0.414) | 0.0077 (0.877) | 0.0013 (0.036) |
| Boys | 2750 | 1.69 (0.195) | −0.39 (0.703) | −0.002 (0.967) | 0.0837 (0.343) | 0.0013 (0.067) |
| Girls | 2920 | 3.08 (0.004) | 0.01 (0.982) | −0.057 (0.242) | −0.0668 (0.134) | 0.0011 (0.286) |
| Other vegetables | ||||||
| All | 5670 | 1.22 (0.287) | −0.0002 (0.999) | 0.013 (0.830) | 0.1856 (0.008) | −0.0004 (0.627) |
| Boys | 2750 | 1.71 (0.303) | −0.24 (0.853) | 0.064 (0.409) | 0.0892 (0.368) | 0.0012 (0.184) |
| Girls | 2920 | 0.76 (0.560) | 0.41 (0.671) | −0.064 (0.440) | 0.2648 (0.007) | −0.0021 (0.179) |
aVery low food security is defined as 8–18 affirmative responses and low food security is defined as 3–7 affirmative responses on the USDA Household Food Security Survey Module.
b P values are adjusted for within-child correlation among repeated observations, and longitudinal ECLS-K sampling weights adjusted for oversampling and nonresponse.
cControlling for number of siblings, household size, a series of household income category indicator variables, a series of parental education level indicator variables, an indicator variable for spring 2007, and county-level characteristics measuring income per capita, annual unemployment rate, and Food Stamp Program recipients per capita.