Table 2.

Influence of major nutrients according to microarray analyses.

Condition	Component	Model	Finding	References
Carbohydrates	Glucose	Mouse	↑ Oxidative stress	[49]
	Sucrose	Mouse	↑ Pparg2	[50]
	Sweet corn	Mouse	↑ Cell proliferation	[51]
	Maple syrup	Rat	↓ Ammonium	[52]
	Fructooligosaccharide	Rat	↑ FXR	[54]
Amount of fat	Bolus of fat	Rat	↑A2m, Slc13a5 and Nrep	[56]
	High fat diet	Mouse	↓Cyp3a, Scd1	[57, 58]
			↑Inflammation	[59]
	High fat diet	Rat	↓ beta-oxidation	[60]
Nature of fat	MUFA, PUFA	Rat	↓ Lipogenesis	[61]
	n-3 PUFA	Mouse, rat	Modified cellular regulators	[62–64]
	CLA	Hamster, mouse, rat	Variable on the genetic background	[65–67]
Cholesterol	High level	Mouse	↓ CREP	[68]
	Modest level	Mouse	↑Inflammatory response	[69–72]
Protein	Soy versus casein	Rat	↓ Lipogenesis	[73, 74]
	Branched AA	Rat	↓ Ammonium, FA uptake	[75]
	Low methionine + choline	Mouse	↓ Oxidative stress	[76]
	Low methionine + choline + folate	Rat	Alteration of DNA methylation	[77]

AA: amino acids, CLA: conjugated linoleic acid; CREB: cAMP response element-binding protein; FA: fatty acid; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid.