Table 1. Growth estimates for tropical rays and whale shark.
von Bertalanffy growth parameter estimates for species with similar life styles to the manta rays; (a) tropical myliobatoid rays larger than 1 m total disc width, and (b) the tropical planktivorous whale shark.
| Species name |
IUCN statusa |
Sex | Maximum length (cm)b |
Maximum age (years) |
L ∞ | k | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a. | Mobula japanica | NT | both | 310 | 14 | NA | 0.28 | (Cuevas-Zimbrón et al., 2012) |
| Myliobatis californicus | LC | M | 158.7 | 6 | 199.1 | 0.0596 | (Martin & Cailliet, 1988) | |
| Myliobatis californicus | LC | F | 158.7 | 24 | 158.7 | 0.0095 | (Martin & Cailliet, 1988) | |
| Myliobatis californicus | LC | F | 158.7 | 24 | 156.6 | 0.099 | (Martin & Cailliet, 1988) | |
| Aetobatus flagellum | EN | F | 150 | 19 | 152.7 | 0.111 | (Yamaguchi, Kawahara & Ito, 2005) | |
| Aetobatus flagellum | EN | M | 100 | 9 | 131.8 | 0.133 | (Yamaguchi, Kawahara & Ito, 2005) | |
| Rhinoptera bonasus | NT | both | 102 | 18 | 123.8 | 0.075 | (Neer & Thompson, 2005) | |
| b. | Rhincodon typus | VU | NA | 1370 | NA | 1400 | 0.026–0.051 | (García, Lucifora & Myers, 2008; Pauly, 2002) |
Notes.
a
IUCN Red List Categories
- CR
- Critically Endangered
- EN
- Endangered
- VU
- Vulnerable
- NT
- Near Threatened
- LC
- Least Concern
- DD
- Data Deficient
b
Disc width (cm) for rays and total length (cm) for whale shark.