Figure 6. Expression of Bdnf and Dlk1 were measured in the VTA of offspring and DNA methylation was measured at the Bdnf exon IXa promoter in motile sperm and offspring VTA.

(A) E-sired male offspring had significantly increased expression of Bdnf exon IXa but not Dlk1 or Bdnf exon IV in the VTA relative to C-sired males. (B) There were no significant differences in Bdnf or Dlk1 expression between E- and C-sired females in the VTA. (C) EtOH-exposed sires had decreased DNA methylation at the Bdnf exon IXa promoter relative to Room air exposed sires. (D) Male and (E) female E-sired offspring had decreased DNA methylation at the Bdnf exon IXa promoter relative to C-sired offspring. N.D., none detected, n = 4–7/group, data presented as mean ± SEM, *p<0.05, ***p<0.001.