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. 2014 May 16;11:91. doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-91

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Copyright © 2014 Ashraf et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Effect of gp120 on the mRNA levels of (A) IL-1β, (B) iNOS and (C) TNF-α in different brain regions of ICV-administered gp120 rats receiving simultaneous intraperitoneal injection of chloroquine or minocycline or simvastatin. Saline-injected animals were used as control. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. Samples obtained from at least 10 different animals were used per group. Asterisks represent data points significantly different from saline-administered animals (***P <0.001; **P <0.01; *P <0.05). Diamonds represent data points significantly different from gp120 treatment (♦♦♦P <0.001; ♦♦P <0.01). (gp120 = glycoprotein120; IL-1β = interleukin-1β; iNOS = inducible nitric oxide synthase; TNFα = tumor necrosis factor-α; ICV = intracerebroventricular; CQ = chloroquine; Mino = minocycline; Sim = simvastatin).