Table 2.
Bivariate analysis of factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding
| Variables |
Exclusive breastfeeding |
OR (95% CI) | p -value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Yes (n = 44) |
No (n = 77) |
|||||
| n | % | n | % | |||
| Sex of the child |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Male |
19 |
30.6 |
43 |
69.4 |
1.00 |
0.180a |
| Female |
25 |
42.4 |
34 |
57.6 |
1.66 (0.79, 3.51) |
|
| Birth order of the child |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| First born |
15 |
34.1 |
29 |
65.9 |
1.00 |
0.694a |
| Second and above |
29 |
37.7 |
48 |
62.3 |
1.17 (0.54, 2.54) |
|
| Mothers’ age# (years) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ≤18 |
4 |
33.3 |
8 |
66.7 |
1.00 |
1.000b |
| >18 |
40 |
36.7 |
69 |
63.3 |
1.16 (0.33, 4.09) |
|
| Mothers’ education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Illiterate |
6 |
46.2 |
7 |
53.8 |
1.00 |
0.437a |
| Literate |
38 |
35.2 |
70 |
64.8 |
0.63 (0.20, 2.02) |
|
| Mothers’ employment status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Housewife |
40 |
35.1 |
74 |
64.9 |
1.00 |
0.255b |
| Working outside home |
4 |
57.1 |
3 |
42.9 |
2.47 (0.52, 11.57) |
|
| Fathers’ education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Illiterate |
8 |
47.1 |
9 |
52.9 |
1.00 |
0.323a |
| Literate |
36 |
34.6 |
68 |
65.4 |
0.59 (0.21, 1.67) |
|
| Type of family |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Nuclear |
22 |
41.5 |
31 |
58.5 |
1.00 |
0.299a |
| Joint and others |
22 |
32.3 |
46 |
67.7 |
0.67 (0.32, 1.42) |
|
| Wealth quintile |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Poorest |
9 |
36.0 |
16 |
64.0 |
1.00 |
0.512a |
| Poorer |
8 |
30.8 |
18 |
69.2 |
1.27 (0.39, 4.06) |
|
| Middle |
7 |
30.4 |
16 |
69.6 |
1.29 (0.38, 4.30) |
|
| Richer |
12 |
52.2 |
11 |
47.8 |
1.52 (0.16, 1.64) |
|
| Richest |
8 |
33.3 |
16 |
66.7 |
1.13 (0.35, 3.65) |
|
| Breastfeeding education received |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
24 |
38.1 |
39 |
61.9 |
1.00 |
0.680a |
| No |
20 |
34.5 |
38 |
65.5 |
1.17 (0.56, 2.46) |
|
| No. ANC visits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No visits |
6 |
35.3 |
11 |
64.7 |
1.00 |
0.870a |
| 1-3 |
31 |
37.8 |
51 |
62.2 |
0.90 (0.30, 2.67) |
|
| ≥4 |
7 |
31.8 |
15 |
68.2 |
0.63 (0.16, 2.40) |
|
| Place of delivery |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-institutional |
22 |
42.3 |
30 |
57.7 |
1.00 |
0.238a |
| Institutional |
22 |
31.9 |
47 |
68.1 |
0.64 (0.30, 1.35) |
|
| Type of delivery |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Normal |
33 |
42.3 |
45 |
57.7 |
1.00 |
0.067a |
| Caesarean |
11 |
25.6 |
32 |
74.4 |
0.47 (0.21, 1.06) |
|
| Initiation of breastfeeding |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ≤1 hour |
24 |
42.9 |
32 |
57.1 |
1.00 |
0.168a |
| >1 hour |
20 |
30.8 |
45 |
69.2 |
0.59 (0.28, 1.25) |
|
| Received colostrum |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
43 |
37.1 |
73 |
62.9 |
1.00 |
0.652b |
| No |
1 |
20.0 |
4 |
80.0 |
2.36 (0.25, 21.77) |
|
| Prelacteal feeding |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
9 |
39.1 |
14 |
60.9 |
1.00 |
0.759a |
| No | 35 | 35.7 | 63 | 64.3 | 1.16 (0.45, 2.94) | |
aChi-square test (2-tailed).
bFisher’s exact test.
#Dichotomization based on legal age of marriage in Bangladesh.