Table 1.
Patient characteristics and univariate analysis of sternal wound infection
| Variable | |
Sternal infection |
Sternal infection |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
All patients |
Absent |
Present |
p value | |
| (n = 112) | (n = 92) | (n = 20) | ||
| Age |
71.3 ± 11.0 |
71.9 ± 12.6 |
72.5 ± 8.7 |
.543 |
| Male (%) |
65 (58.0) |
54 (58.7) |
11 (55.0) |
.806 |
| BMI, kg/m2 |
22.5 ± 5.0 |
22.7 ± 5.2 |
21.3 ± 4.0 |
.199 |
| Hypertension (%) |
85 (75.9) |
66 (71.7) |
19 (95.0) |
.040 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) |
49 (43.8) |
38 (41.3) |
11 (55.0) |
.323 |
| Diabetes (%) |
41 (36.7) |
31 (33.7) |
10 (50) |
.204 |
| Insulin use (%) |
16 (14.4) |
10 (11.0) |
6 (30.0) |
.040 |
| Renal failure (%) |
57 (50.9) |
49 (53.3) |
8 (40.0) |
.330 |
| Chronic lung disease (%) |
18 (16.1) |
16 (17.4) |
2 (10.0) |
.521 |
| Steroid use (%) |
4 (3.6) |
3 (3.3) |
1 (5.0) |
.550 |
| NYHA class III or IV (%) |
47 (42.0) |
40 (43.4) |
7 (35.0) |
.619 |
| LVEF, % |
57.7 ± 13.3 |
58.1 ± 13.0 |
55.7 ± 14.4 |
.471 |
| Coronary disease |
47 (42.0) |
37 (40.2) |
10 (50.0) |
.461 |
| Pulmonary hypertension |
37 (33.3) |
30 (32.6) |
7 (36.8) |
.791 |
| Nasal colonization of SA (%) |
7 (6.3) |
4 (4.4) |
3 (15.0) |
.107 |
| EuroSCORE, % |
8.7 ± 11.0 |
8.9 ± 11.5 |
8.0 ± 8.6 |
.936 |
| Type of operation |
|
|
|
.390 |
| Coronary bypass |
33 (29.5) |
23 (25.0) |
10 (50.0) |
|
| Aoric Valve replacement |
16 (14.3) |
15 (16.3) |
1 (5.0) |
|
| Mitral Valve repair/replacement |
18 (16.1) |
16 (17.4) |
2 (10.0) |
|
| Double Valve |
4 (3.6) |
3 (3.3) |
1 (5.0) |
|
| Triple Valve |
8 (7.1) |
7 (7.6) |
1 (5.0) |
|
| Thoracic aorta |
31 (27.7) |
26 (28.3) |
5 (25.0) |
|
| Others |
2 (1.8) |
2 (2.2) |
0 |
|
| Reoperation |
7 (6.3) |
7 (7.6) |
0 |
.348 |
| Emergency |
25 (22.3) |
23 (25.0) |
2 (10.0) |
.235 |
| BITA use |
5 (4.5) |
2 (2.2) |
3 (15.0) |
.039 |
| Prosthetic grafft use |
30 (26.8) |
24 (26.1) |
6 (30.0) |
.782 |
| Operative time |
352.5 ± 126.8 |
343.8 ± 120.9 |
392.3 ± 148.2 |
.192 |
| CPB time |
183.7 ± 78.0 |
177.7 ± 71.2 |
215.3 ± 104.6 |
.231 |
| AC time |
132.0 ± 56.2 |
129.4 ± 55.3 |
147.2 ± 61.4 |
.320 |
| Prolonged ventilation |
32 (28.6) |
28 (30.4) |
4 (20.0) |
.432 |
| Sternal reexploration |
8 (7.1) |
6 (6.5) |
2 (10.0) |
.632 |
| ICU stay |
5.7 ± 6.9 |
5.9 ± 7.3 |
4.7 ± 4.3 |
.864 |
| Operative mortality |
13 (11.6) |
10 (10.9) |
3 (15.0) |
.699 |
| Fever elavation > 3 days |
54 (48.2) |
42 (45.7) |
12 (60.0) |
.325 |
| Postive culture for SA |
18 (16.1) |
6 (6.5) |
12 (60.0) |
<.001 |
| Postive culture for other organisms |
17 (15.2) |
15 (16.3) |
2 (10.0) |
0.732 |
| Repeat bacteremia |
11 (9.8) |
3 (3.3) |
8 (40.0) |
<.001 |
| WBC (×102/mm3) |
122.2 ± 54.5 |
116.9 ± 51.9 |
146.2 ± 61.2 |
.030 |
| CRP (mg/dl) | 11.4 ± 8.3 | 10.2 ± 7.5 | 17.0 ± 10.0 | .002 |
BMI, body mass index; NYHA, New York Heart Association; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; SA, Staphylococcus aureus; BITA, bilateral internal thoracic arteries; AC time, aortic clamp time; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; WBC, white blood cell count; CRP, C-reacting protein.