Table 1.
| (neutrophilic) | (female late onset) | (allergic asthma) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Variable | Healthy Controls (n = 22) |
All Asthma (n=137) |
Cluster 1 (n=55) | Cluster 2 (n=31) | Cluster 3 (n=51) | p-value† |
| Sex, % Male | 41 | 58 | 80 | 32 | 51 | <0.001 |
| Age, years (SE) | 31.6 (2.4) | 11.5 (0.3) | 11.2 (0.6) | 13.5 (0.6) | 10.0 (1.0) | 0.002 |
| Age of onset, years (SE) | - | 3.9 (0.3) | 3.3 (0.4) | 8.0 (0.7) | 2.0 (0.4) | <0.001 |
| Body Mass Percentile, % (SE) | - | 72 (2) | 50 (3) | 86 (3) | 87 (2) | <0.001 |
| Prebronchodilator FEV1 % predicted | - | 87 (2) | 86 (3) | 99 (3) | 82 (2) | <0.001 |
| FEV1 change with bronchodilator (SE) | - | 8 (1) | 7 (2) | 6 (1) | 10 (2) | 0.38 |
| NAEPP severity classification (IQR) | - | 3 (2, 4) | 3 (2, 3) | 3 (2, 4) | 3 (2, 4) | 0.28 |
| ITG-composite score (IQR) | - | 81 (67, 92) | 83 (67, 94) | 81.0 (67, 92) | 79 (65, 88) | 0.26 |
| Nasal eosinophils, % (IQR) | - | 52 (3, 92) | 10 (0, 63) | 56 (14, 91) | 82 (45, 96) | <0.001 |
| Nasal neutrophils, % (IQR) | - | 33 (5, 71) | 50 (8, 95) | 38 (3, 49) | 13 (3, 50) | 0.014 |
| Nasal Wash ECP, ng/mL (IQR) | - | 9.0 (1.3, 47.2) | 27.0 (1.3, 51.8) | 3.6 (0.6, 38.1) | 6.9 (1.3, 37.5) | 0.06 |
| Nasal Wash P-selectin, ng/mL (SE) | - | 1.4 (0.2) | 1.3 (0.2) | 1.4 (0.13) | 1.0 (0.2) | 0.31 |
| Nasal Wash CypA, ng/mL (IQR) | 0 (0,0) | 0 (0,0) | 0 (0,0) | 0 (0,0) | 0 (0,0) | 0.14 |
| Nasal Wash CypB, ng/mL (IQR) | 1.2 (0.9, 3.9) | 7.9 (5.3, 14.4) * | 8.6 (5.1, 14.5) | 8.9 (5.3, 15.5) | 7.6 (5.6, 12.0) | 0.75 |
| Nasal Wash MCP-1, pg/mL (IQR) | 16.3 (0, 104.5) | 58.9 (0, 149.8) * | 80.4 (20.6, 172.2) | 51.9 (0, 105.0) | 48.7 (0, 113.7) | 0.16 |
| Total Serum IgE, IU/mL (IQR) | - | 248 (70, 512) | 210 (59, 202) | 265 (28, 531) | 248 (95, 577) | 0.55 |
| Current β-agonist use, % | - | 69 | 62 | 74 | 75 | 0.29 |
| Current inhaled steroid use, % | - | 34 | 24 | 36 | 45 | 0.07 |
| Current leukotriene antagonist use, % | - | 4 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 0.81 |
Notes: SE = Standard Error; FEV1 = Forced expiratory volume in 1 second; NAEPP = National Asthma Education and Prevention Program, 2007 criteria; IQR = Interquartile Range; ITG = Integrated Therapeutics Group’s Child Asthma Short Form; ECP = Eosinophil Cationic Protein
*
Indicates significant difference (p-value <0.05) compared to control group.
†
Significance values among the three clusters were derived using one-way ANOVA for normally distributed continuous variables, or Kruskal-Wallis for nonparametric continuous variables, and chi-square for nominal variables.