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. 2012 Jul;92(1):67–73. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0811427

Table 1. Sex Differences in Response to Influenza Vaccines in Humans and Small Animal Models.

Dependent measure Sex difference Age Reference
Clinical data
Acceptance F < M Adults [5254]
Humoral immune response F > M Adults [55, 56]
F > M Elderly adults [57, 58]
Cross-reacting antibodies F > M Elderly adults [59]
Adverse reactions F > M Adults [55, 60, 61]
F > M Elderly adults [57, 62]
Animal studies
Humoral immune response F > M Adult C57BL/6 mice [38]
Adverse reactions F > M Adult C57BL/6 mice [38]
Cross-protection F > M Adult C57BL/6 mice [38]

F, Female; M, male.

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