Table 1.
Study Eligibility Criteria
All eligible women met the following criteria: |
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• Self-identify as a woman (transgendered women eligible) |
• 18 to 44 years of age, inclusive on the date of screening |
• Willing to receive HIV test results |
• Reside in designated census tract or, for New York City only, zip code |
• Unprotected (e.g., without a condom) vaginal and/or anal sex with a man during the prior 6 months |
AND at least one of the following reported by participant: |
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Personal history of any of the following in the prior 6 months:a |
• Illicit injected and/or noninjected drug use (e.g., heroin, cocaine, crack cocaine, methamphetamine, and/or prescription drugs used outside the oversight of a medical professional)b |
• Alcohol dependencec |
• Binge drinkingd |
• Incarceration for more than 24 hours (jail or prison)a |
• Gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomonas, or syphilis |
• Exchange of sex for commodities (e.g., drugs, money, shelter, or other commodities) |
Male sexual partner with any of the following in the prior 6 months:a |
• Self-reported use of illicit injected or noninjected drugs (e.g., heroin, cocaine, crack cocaine, methamphetamine, and/or prescription drugs used outside the oversight of a medical professional)b |
• Incarceration for more than 24 hours (jail or prison)a |
• Gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomonas, or syphilis |
• HIV seropositive diagnosis (ever) |
• Binge drinkingd |
• Alcohol dependencec |
Exclusion criteria |
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Women were excluded from participating if they reported any of the following: |
• A history of previous positive results on an HIV test |
• Current HIV prevention trial enrollment |
• Current or past participation in an HIV vaccine trial |
• Anticipated absence for more than two consecutive months during follow-up |
Within the prior 6 months, with the exception of incarceration, which was within the prior 5 years.
Participants whose only illicit drug use is marijuana did not meet the illicit drug use eligibility criteria.
Defined as a CAGE56 score ≥2.
Defined as four or more drinks at one time (e.g., during the morning, afternoon, or evening) for women and five or more drinks for men.
CAGE, cut down, annoyed, guilty, eye-opener.