Panels (a,b) predicted survival versus time for adults from crowded (a) versus uncrowded (b) larval conditions at gerbil microfilarial (mf) density = 30, 300, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mf per 20 µl blood. Predicted values from PROC PHREG, SAS 9.3; final model included rearing density, gerbil mf density as a continuous variable, and replicate. See text for statistical results. See Material and methods for the experimental design. (Online version in colour.)