Figure 5.

In situ nanoparticle temperature detection during and after exposure to the oscillating magnetic field. (a) Nanoparticle (red dots) and bulk solution (black squares) temperature changes during and after a 90 s OMF exposure. (b) Nanoparticle and bulk solution temperature changes during and after a 5 min OMF exposure. During the OMF exposure (gray area), the nanoparticle inside has a much higher heating rate than the bulk solution and the temperature gradient grows with time. At the end of the exposure, the nanoparticle temperature is about twice that of the solution. After the exposure, the nanoparticle temperature quickly decreases while the bulk solution slightly increased to equilibrate with the nanoparticles. Then the system gradually dissipates heat and recovers its initial state.