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. 2014 Apr 2;8(5):5132–5140. doi: 10.1021/nn5011914

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Bulk encapsulation yield and in vitro immune activation. (a) Encapsulation yield of outer handle DNO variants was estimated by PicoGreen dye membrane exclusion (red), and protection from nuclease was assayed with DNase I (blue). ELISA assay measurements of (b) IL-6 and (c) IL-12 cytokine production by splenocytes after incubation with N-DNO, E-DNO, and 50 nm vesicles for 16 h, as well as nonactivated controls. (d) Flow cytometry measurement of splenocyte mean fluorescence after incubation with Cy5-labeled N-DNO, E-DNO, and negative control. (e) Flow cytometry forward- (cell size) and side-scattering (granularity) properties of splenocytes was used to define two populations. Small, low granularity cells (1) were analyzed separately from large, high granularity cells (2). (f) Histogram of population (2) fluorescence after incubation with Cy5-labeled N-DNO (purple), E-DNO (blue), and negative controls (red). (*a,b: p < 0.05, ANOVA + Dunnet’s test vs control, error bars indicate SEM).