Figure 4.

Hep-MA/PANI dual networks formed viain situ PANI polymerization. SEM micrographs of Hep-MA primary networks (a) before and (b) after PANI polymerization indicated the formation of secondary PANI networks within the microporous structures of Hep-MA. Insets show macroscopic photographs. The formation of dual networks was confirmed through (c) FT-IR, and (d) the UV–vis absorption spectra of the PANI networks indicate that these networks are composed of partially reduced emeraldine salt (ES).