Table 2.
Metabolites identified in tha larval hemolymph from H.armigera
| Metabolite | Fold change of relative ratioa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mid-late 5th | Early 6th | Mid 6th | Late 6th | |
| Amino acid | ||||
| Alanine | nsb | ns | ns | ns |
| β-Alanine | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Glutamate | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Glycine | ns | ns | 1.7 | ns |
| Histidine | ns | -4.5 | -c | - |
| Homoserine | ns | ns | - | - |
| Isoleucine | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Leucine | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Methionine | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| N-Acetylglutamate | ns | ns | - | 1.9 |
| Ornithine | ns | ns | -2.4 | ns |
| Phenylalanine | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Proline | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Serine | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Threonine | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Tryptophan | - | - | - | ns |
| Tyrosine | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Valine | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Sugar and polyols | ||||
| Arabinitol | ns | ns | - | - |
| Cholesterol | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Erythritol | ns | ns | - | - |
| Fructose | ns | ns | 3.8 | ns |
| Galactitol | ns | ns | - | - |
| Glucose | ns | 1.7 | 3.0 | 3.1 |
| Glycerol | ns | ns | 2.2 | ns |
| Myo-inositol | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Ribitol | ns | ns | 2.4 | - |
| Sitosterol | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Trehalose | ns | 8.3 | ns | ns |
| Turanose | - | ns | ns | ns |
| Metabolic intermediates | ||||
| Fumaric acid | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Isocitric acid | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Malic acid | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Pyruvate | ns | ns | 1.5 | ns |
| Succinic acid | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Urea | ns | ns | 2.5 | - |
| Small molecules | ||||
| Free amine | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Free phosphate | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Phosphoric acid | ns | ns | 1.5 | ns |
| Other metabolites | ||||
| 2-Hydroxymandelic acid | - | - | ns | ns |
| 3-Aminoisobutyric acid | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid | - | - | -2.7 | ns |
| 3-Hydroxypropanoic acid | ns | ns | - | - |
| ns | ns | ns | ns | |
| Galatonic acid | ns | ns | - | - |
| γ-Aminobutyric acid | ns | ns | D.specific d | ns |
| Gluconic acid | ns | ns | ns | 1.7 |
| Glyceric acid | - | ns | - | - |
| Linoleic acid | - | ns | - | - |
| Methylcitric acid | - | ns | ns | ns |
| Mevalonic acid | ns | 1.7 | - | ns |
| N-Acetylglucosamine | ns | ns | - | 5.3 |
| Octadecenoic | - | - | ns | ns |
| Palmitic acid | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Pantothenic acid | ns | - | ns | ns |
| Phosphorylethanolamine | 1.5 | ns | -2.4 | ns |
| Ribonic acid | ns | ns | -2.9 | ns |
| Stearic acid | - | - | ns | ns |
| Threonic acid | ns | ns | - | - |
a Fold change with a positive number indicates metabolic levels were significantly increased in diapause-destine larval hemolymph, while a negative number indicates metabolite levels were significantly decreased in destined diapause-destine larval hemolymph. Based on four biological replicate analyses, only metabolites that changes ≥1.5-fold in relative ratios (p-value < 0.05) were considered for further analysis, and were marked in bold. b ns, no significant difference. c-, metabolite was found in less than three measurements and wasn’t able to be quantified accurately. d Metabolite was only found in dispause-destined larval hemolymph.