Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of the Normal Control and Young Adult ADHD Groups
| Variable | Normal Control (n=69) |
Childhood- Limited ADHD (n=71) |
Persistent ADHD (n=79) |
χ2 | F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male % | 62.3 | 88.7 | 74.7 | 13.17 | <.01 | |
| White % | 100.0 | 93.0 | 93.7 | 4.86 | .09 | |
| Mean Age (SD) at T1 | 8.81 (1.14) | 9.00 (1.06) | 8.97 (1.19) | 0.60 | .55 | |
| FU1 | 18.13 (1.12) | 18.42 (1.08) | 18.30 (1.11) | 1.23 | .29 | |
| FU2 | 19.88 (1.48)a | 20.28 (1.42) | 20.54 (1.58)a | 3.48 | .03 | |
| FU3 | 21.77 (1.32) | 21.96 (1.25) | 21.97 (1.29) | 0.45 | .64 | |
| High school graduate % | 100.0 | 92.6 | 88.3 | 8.03 | .02 | |
| Mean IQ (SD) at T1 | 109.55 (12.81)a | 104.93 (12.47) | 104.18 (10.56)a | 4.25 | .02 | |
| Mean SES (SD) at T1 | 49.68 (10.78) | 45.50 (10.32) | 46.58 (11.78) | 2.65 | .07 | |
| Single parent family at T1 % | 7.2 | 23.5 | 15.2 | 7.02 | .03 | |
| Childhood Stimulant Medication % | 1.5 | 39.4 | 48.7 | 40.52 | <.001 | |
| CD/ODD at T1, T2 or T3 % | 0.0 | 60.6 | 59.5 | 70.30 | <.001 | |
| BASC-TRS at T1 | ||||||
| Aggression | 46.02 (6.57)ab | 57.72 (9.78)a | 60.99 (14.30)b | 37.12 | <.001 | |
| Attention Problems | 46.02 (8.81)ab | 61.76 (8.92)a | 65.02 (8.56)b | 94.52 | <.001 | |
| Conduct Problems | 46.14 (6.67)ab | 54.38 (9.53)a | 58.06 (16.78)b | 18.39 | <.001 | |
| Hyperactivity | 45.13 (9.22)ab | 58.54 (10.64)ac | 63.01 (10.84)bc | 57.75 | <.001 | |
| BASC-PRS at T1 | ||||||
| Aggression | 46.52 (6.63)ab | 64.40 (11.42)a | 64.75 (12.50)b | 55.54 | <.001 | |
| Attention Problems | 44.75 (7.56)ab | 65.63 (7.13)a | 67.67 (8.12)b | 158.86 | <.001 | |
| Conduct Problems | 44.33 (6.82)ab | 61.99 (12.36)a | 63.82 (16.79)b | 40.34 | <.001 | |
| Hyperactivity | 42.43 (6.61)ab | 67.09 (14.25)a | 69.69 (14.63)b | 83.46 | <.001 |
Note. Within each row, cells with the same letter subscripts are significantly (p < .05) different from one another (Tukey HSD test). BASC-TRS = The Behavioral Assessment Scale for Children – Teacher Report Form (Reynolds & Kamphaus, 1992); BASC-PRS = The Behavioral Assessment Scale for Children – Parent Report Form (Reynolds & Kamphaus, 1992); CD = conduct disorder; ODD = oppositional defiant disorder; SES = social economic status.