Table 2.
Nutritional status and growth of children with coeliac disease (CD), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and dual diagnosis (T1DM + CD)
| Mean ± SD* | Condition | CDx-2 yrs | CDx-1 yrs | CDx | CDx + 1 yr | CDx + 2 yrs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
BMI z-score, (SD) |
T1DM + CD |
0.14 ± 0.952 |
0.14 ± 0.90 |
−0.03 ± 1.01 |
−0.04 ± 0.99 |
0.07 ± 1.02 |
|
CD |
n/a |
n/a |
0.09 ± 1.09 |
0.13 ± 1.23 |
0.27 ± 1.18 |
|
|
T1DM |
0.49 ± 1.02 |
0.26 ± 0.95 |
0.39 ± 0.92 |
0.37 ± 0.9 |
0.27 ± 0.92 |
|
|
BMI classification,
Th/N/Ob
(n) |
T1DM + CD |
0/23/0 |
0/23/0 |
1/21/0 |
1/22/0 |
1/17/0 |
|
CD |
n/a |
n/a |
1/21/1 |
0/21/1 |
1/13/3 |
|
|
T1DM |
0/40/3 |
0/43/1 |
0/43/1 |
0/41/1 |
0/38/1 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Height z-score, (SD) |
T1DM + CD |
−0.44 ± 1.38 |
−0.36 ± 1.26 |
−0.26 ± 1.21 |
−0.32 ± 1.10 |
−0.38 ± 1.61 |
|
CD |
n/a |
n/a |
−0.72 ± 0.971 |
−0.63 ± 1.191 |
−0.32 ± 0.761 |
|
|
T1DM |
−0.11 ± 0.78 |
0.03 ± 0.72 |
0.05 ± 0.77 |
−0.05 ± 0.72 |
0.07 ± 0.69 |
|
|
Height classification
Short/Normal
(n) |
T1DM + CD |
2/21 |
2/20 |
2/21 |
2/21 |
3/15 |
|
CD |
n/a |
n/a |
3/20 |
1/21 |
0/16 |
|
|
T1DM |
0/43 |
0/44 |
0/44 |
0/44 |
0/39 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weight z-score, (SD) |
T1DM + CD |
−0.21 ± 1.30 |
−0.12 ± 1.26 |
−0.19 ± 1.26 |
−0.2 ± 1.04 |
−0.15 ± 1.48 |
|
CD |
n/a |
n/a |
−0.31 + 0.83 |
−0.22 ± 0.89 |
0.06 ± 1.02 |
|
|
T1DM |
0.33 ± 0.85 |
0.26 ± 0.831 |
0.36 ± 0.851 |
0.30 + 0.851 |
0.29 ± 0.811 |
|
Coeliac Disease (CD), Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), CDx: Coeliac Disease diagnosis; CDx + 1: One year post Coeliac Disease diagnosis; CDx + 2: Two years post Coeliac Disease diagnosis; CDx-1: One year prior Coeliac Disease diagnosis; CDx-2y: Two years prior Coeliac Disease diagnosis; HbA1c: Glycated haemoglobin A1c; tTG: Tissue Transglutaminase; BMI: Body mass index; Th/N/Ob: number of thin/normal BMI/obese participants; 1p < 0.05 to UK 1990 reference data; 2p < 0.001 between CDx and each time points; *unless otherwise is specified; n/a: data for CD were not available prior to disease diagnosis.