Table 2.
Description of 28 studies included in review.
| Year | 1st Author | n | Age (mean or distribution) | Race | Location | Sampling Method | Inclusion Criteria | Violence Definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | Ghanem | 212 | 33.8 | White: 72% Black/AA: 3.3% Hispanic: 19% Other: 5% |
San Diego, CA | Convenience sample of clinical sample of men referred to HIV care clinics | ≥18; documented early/acute/recent HIV infection | Unique |
| 2011 | Stephenson | 528 | 27 | White: 84% | National (Web-based) | Convenience sample from Facebook banners shown to males ≥18 years, reporting in a relationship, reporting interest in men, reporting US residence | ≥18; male; report at least 1 male sex partner in past year; currently have a male sex partner | RCTS |
| 2011 | Balsam | 214 | 38.7 | White.: 90.0% Black/AA: 1.9% Latino: 2.9% Biracial: 1.5% Native Amr.: 1.2% Other: 1.1% |
National | Convenience sample from advertisements in Gayellow Pages, internet groups, email advertisements, flyers at LGBT religious organizations | ≥18; gay; index participants and/or their siblings in sibling study | M-SES |
| 2011 | Pantalone | 168 | 44 | White: 63.1% Black/AA: 17.6% Multiple: 7.9% Native Amr.: 6.1% Unknown: 4.2% |
“two urban, outpatient, public university-affiliated HIV clinics” | Clinical sample referred by case managers or research nurses | ≥18; biological male at birth; English-speaking; identified as MSM; actively engaged in medical care at study clinic(s) | RCTS |
| 2011 | Welles | 128 | 18-25: 25% 26-35: 27% 36-45: 26% ≥46:21% |
Black/AA: 100% | Boston | Convenience sample at five medical clinics in African American neighborhoods | ≥18, African American, two sex partners in past 12 months | Unique |
| 2010 | Stephenson | 402 | 18-24: 68% 25-29:21% 30-35:11% |
White: 48% Black: 15% Latino: 37% |
National (Web-based) | Convenience sample, recruitment via MySpace banner advertisements, follow-up subset of larger study | ≥18; <36; sex with a man in the past year; MySpace user | WHO |
| 2010 | Wong | 526 | 20.1 | White: 37% Black: 24% Latino: 39% |
LA county | Venue-based stratified sampling, Subset of Healthy Young Mens study | ≥18;<21; MSM and/or gay/bisexual; White, Black, or Latino-Mexican; residing in LA County for 6 months | WEB |
| 2010 | Conron | 926 | 18-33: 29.2% 34-39: 49.7% 50-64:21.1% |
White: 82.1% Black/AA: 4.8% Latino: 9.0% A/PI: 3.2% Other: 1.0% |
Massachusetts | Aggregated 2001-2008 Massachusetts Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance surveys (telephone land-line random digit dialing of geographically stratified areas) | ≥17; <65; self-report as gay/bisexual | Unique |
| 2009 | Rhodes | 206 | 20.7 | White: 79% Black/AA: 7% Hispanic: 2% A/PI: 4% Other: 7% |
North Carolina | Stratified random cross-sectional samples of undergraduate university students | Gay; university student | Unique |
| 2008 | Friedman | 1383 | 32.5 | White: 77.1% Black/AA: 3.9% Latino: 10.8% A/PI: 5.5% Native Amr.: 2.5% Other: 0.2% |
Four cities | Subset of Urban Men's Health Study, telephone interviews via disproportionate and adaptive sampling | ≥18; <40; self-identify asgay | Unique |
| 2007 | Houston | 817 | 33 | White: 22% Black/AA: 51% Latino: 16% Other: 10% |
Chicago | Targeted multi-frame sample: Black Gay Pride, Latino clubs, street fairs | ≥18; MSM | M-CTS |
| 2007 | Bimbi | 652 | 38.8 | White: 63.1% Black/AA: 9.7% Latino: 14.5% A/PI: 5.9% Other: 6.8% |
New York City | Convenience sample from LGBT community events | ≥18; self-identify as gay, bisexual, or queer | Unique |
| 2007 | Feldman | 912 | 31.2 | Latino 100% | Miami, NYC, Los Angeles | Venue-based sample of Latino gay venues | Gay; Latino | Unique |
| 2006 | Koblin | 539 | 15-18: 38% 19-22: 62% |
White: 12% Black/AA: 24% Latino: 41% A/PI: 6% Multi: 17% |
New York City | Venue-based sample from MSM-frequented public places | ≥15;<23;MSM | Unique |
| 2005 | Bogart | 292 | 38.8 | White: 70.1% Black/AA: 11.8% Latino: 14.4% Other: 3.7% |
National | Multistage national probability sample | ≥18; HIV-positive; accessing health care; self-identified gay/bisexual; sex in a close relationship within six months previous | Unique |
| 2005 | Balsam | 264 | 38.7 | White.: 90.0% Black/AA: 1.9% Latino: 2.9% Biracial: 1.5% Native Amr.: 1.2% Other: 1.1% |
National | Convenience sample from advertisements in Gayellow Pages, internet groups, email advertisements, flyers at LGBT religious organizations | ≥18; gay; index participants and/or their siblings in sibling study; | M-PMWI RCTS M-SES |
| 2005 | Craft | 51 | 40.47 | White: 54.9% Black/AA: 43.1% Other: 2.0% |
Midwest | Convenience sample from longitudinal research participants, attendees to HIV workshops and conferences | ≥18; HIV-positive; currently or within 12 months in an intimate relationship with another man | RCTS |
| 2004 | Toro-Alfonso | 199 | 29 | Latino 100% | Puerto Rico | Convenience sample from services and organization that offer services to gay men | ≥18; gay/bisexual; Puerto Rican living in Puerto Rico; ever in a committed relationship | M-SES |
| 2004 | Relf | 2124 | 39.5 | 21% “of color” |
San Francisco, Los Angeles, NYC, Chicago | Probability-based, disproportionate sampling telephone interviews | ≥18; sexual contact with male since 14 yrs old OR bisexual OR homosexual/gay | Unknown |
| 2003 | Stall | 2881 | 18-29: 20% 30-39: 39% 40-49: 25% 50-59:10% Over 59: 6% |
White: 79% Black/AA: 4% Latino: 9% A/PI: 8% Native Amr.: 3% |
San Francisco, Los Angeles, NYC, Chicago | Probability-based, disproportionate sampling telephone interviews | ≥18; sexual contact with male since 14 yrs old OR bisexual OR homosexual/gay | M-CTS |
| 2002 | Klitzman | 733 | 40.5 | White: 80.5% Black/AA: 3.9% Latino: 7.7% A/PI: 2.4% Native Amr: 2.4% Other: 0.4% |
New York City | Subset of Urban Mens Health Study, telephone interviews via disproportionate and adaptive sampling | ≥18; gay/bisexual OR sex with man after 14 years old | Unique |
| 2002 | Greenwood | 2881 | 18-29: 20% 30-39: 39% 40-49: 25% 50-59:10% Over 59: 6% |
White: 79% Black/AA: 4% Latino: 9% A/PI: 8% Native Amr.: 3% |
San Francisco, Los Angeles, NYC, Chicago | Probability-based, disproportionate sampling telephone interviews | ≥18; sexual contact with male since 14 yrs old OR bisexual OR homosexual/gay | M-CTS |
| 2001 | Kalichman | 595 | 33 | White: 71% Black/AA: 21% Latino: 3% Other: 5% |
Atlanta | Convenience sample of gay pride event | Unspecified | M-SES |
| 2000 | Turell | 227 | Not reported for MSM only | MSM only | Houston | Convenience sample through gay community groups and clinics, local book stores, community centers, women's centers | Unspecified | Unique |
| 2000 | Nieves-Rosa | 273 | 31 | Latino: 100% | New York City | gay venues, snowballing | ≥18; Latin American ancestry connected to Colombia, Dominican Republic, Mexico, or Puerto Rico; ≥10 sexual experiences with men; ≥1 sexual experience with a man in the past 12 months | Unique |
| 1999 | Tjaden | 66 | 40.5 | White: 77% | National | Subsample of national probability sample (National Violence Against Women survey) | ≥18; current cohabitation with a male partner | CTS |
| 1997 | Waldner-Haugrud | 165 | 32 | White: 100% | National | Snowball sampling | Unspecified | M-CTS |
| 1995 | Kalichman | 196 | 37.1 | White: 58% Black/AA: 31% Hispanic: 7% Other: 4% |
“Moderate sized city in the Midwest US” | Convenience sample of STD clinics, gay bars, businesses, media | “Homosexually active men” | SES |
“AA” refers to African American, “A/PI” refers to Asain/Pacific Islander, and “CTS” refers to the Conflicts Tactics Scale, which may be either “Modified” (M) or “Revised” (R). M-SES = Modified Sexual Experiences Survey. WHO = World Health Organization. WEB = Women's Experience of Battering Scale. PMWI = Psychological Maltreatment of Women Scale.