Table 2.

Opioid use and medical service utilization among a commercially insured opioid-using population (n = 2,841,793), with comparisons of non-OUDs (n = 2,838,880), and OUDs (n = 2,913).

Variable	Non-OUDs	OUDs	Comparison of Non-OUDs and OUDs (t-value)
Rx Copayment	$5.84 ($5.13)	$8.69 ($9.70)	15.83*
Number of Opioid Classes	1.2 (0.4)	1.7 (0.7)	33.35*
Short Acting Opioid: Count of Different Medications	1.4 (0.7)	2.4 (0.7)	37.04*
Long Acting Opioid: Count of Different Medications	1.1 (0.4)	1.4 (0.7)	10.31*
Opioid Days Supply	33.2 (104.9)	272.5 (367.7)	35.11*
Opioid Units Dispensed	160.0 (890.1)	1,082.1 (2,112.3)	23.56*
Pharmacies Visited for Opioid Claims	1.3 (0.8)	3.3 (3.5)	29.57*
Outpatient Physician Visits	6.5 (6.8)	10.3 (10.5)	19.76*
Outpatient Mental Health Visits	0.7 (3.1)	9.0 (11.0)	40.96*
Inpatient Hospital Admissions	0.1 (0.4)	0.8 (1.2)	28.99*
Inpatient Mental Health Admissions	0.0 (0.1)	0.4 (0.7)	322.36*
Hospitalization Days	0.5 (2.6)	4.8 (11.1)	89.84*
Mental Health Hospitalization Days	0.0 (0.7)	3.2 (7.2)	232.08*
Emergency Room Visits	0.3 (0.8)	1.7 (4.0)	18.46*
Hospital Days	0.5 (2.6)	4.8 (11.1)	21.14*

Note.

^*p <0.0001